MONTESPAN  , FRANcOISE-ATHENAIS DE See also:

• PARDAILLAN

PARDAILLAN, MARQUISE DE (1641-1707), See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV., was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at the See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

chateau of Tonnay-See also:

• CHARENTE

Charente (Charente-Inferieure), the daughter of See also:

• GABRIEL (Heb. SKns, man of God)

Gabriel de Rochechouart, duc de Mortemart . She was educated at the See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

Convent of St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary at See also:

• SAINTES

Saintes, and when she was twenty she became maid-of-See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour to See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Maria See also:

• THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa . She married in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1663 L . H. de Pardaillan de Gondrin, See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis de Montespan, who was a See also:

• YEAR

year younger than herself . By him she had two See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, L . H . Pardaillan de Gondrin, duc d'Antin, born in 1665, and a daughter . Her brilliant and haughty beauty was only one of the Montespan's charms; she was a cultivated and amusing talker who won the admiration of such competent See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges as See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon and Mme de See also:

• SEVIGNE, MARIE DE

Sevigne . Nevertheless she was a profound believer in See also:

• WITCHCRAFT

witchcraft, and La Reynie, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court before which the famous poisoning cases were brought, places her first visits to La Voisin (q.v.) in 1665 . She received from the sorceress love powders concocted of abominable ingredients for Louis XIV., and in 1666 the " See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass " was said by the See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest See also:

• ETIENNE, CHARLES GUILLAUME (1778-1845)

Etienne Guibourg over her with the usual horrible ceremonial . In 1667 she gained her end, becoming Louis XIV.'s mistress in See also:

• JULY

July . Montespan astounded the court by openly resenting his wife's position .

He made a See also:

• SCANDAL

scandal by accusing Mme de See also:

• MONTAUSIER, CHARLES DE

Montausier of acting as go-between in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to secure the governorship of the dauphin for her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband . He even wore See also:

• MOURNING (from the verb " to mourn," to be sorrowful, 0. Eng. murnan; cf. O.H.G. mornen, Goth. maurnan, to be anxious, O.N. morna, to pine away; by some referred to root seen in Gr. jdptpva, sorrow, by others to root mer-, to die)

mourning for his wife . Montespan was arrested, but released after a few days' imprisonment . The first of the seven children whom Mme de Montespan See also:

• BORE

bore to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king was born in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1669, and was entrusted to Mme See also:

• SCARRON, PAUL (1610-166o)

Scarron, the future Mme de See also:

• MAINTENON

Maintenon, who acted as See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion to Mme de Montespan while the king was away at the See also:

• WARS

wars . Her children were legitimatized in 1673 without mention of the See also:

• MOTHER

mother's name for fear that Montespan might claim them . The eldest, Louis Auguste, became duc de See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine, the second, Louis Cesar, See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

comte de Vexin, and the third, See also:

• LOUISE [AUGUSTE WILHELMINE AMALIE LUISE] (1776-1810)

Louise Francoise, demoiselle de See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes (afterwards duchess of See also:

• BOURBON
• BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF (149o-1527)

Bourbon) . Mean-while Montespan had been compelled to retire to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, and in 1674 an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official separation was declared by the procureur-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general Achille de Harlay, assisted by six judges at the See also:

• CHATELET (from Med. Lat. castella)

Chatelet . When Louis's affections showed signs of cooling, Mme de Montespan had recourse to magic . In 1675 See also:

• ABSOLUTION (Lat. absolutio from absolvo, loosen, acquit)

absolution was refused to the king, with the result that his mistress was driven from the court for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . It has been thought that she had conceived the intention of poisoning even as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 1676, but in 1679 Louis's intrigue with A gelique de Fontanges and her own relegation to the position of See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent of the queen's See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household brought matters to a crisis . Mlle de Fontanges died a natural See also:

• DEATH

death in 1681, though poisoning was suspected . Meanwhile suspicion was thrown on Mme de Montespan's connexion with La Voisin and her See also:

• CREW (sometimes explained as a sea term of Scandinavian origin, cf. O. Icel. kris, a swarm or crowd, but now regarded as a shortened form of accrue, accrewe, used in the 16th century in the sense of a reinforcement, O. Fr. acreue, from accrofire, to grow,
• CREW, NATHANIEL CREW, 3RD BARON (1633–1721)

crew by the frequent recurrence of her maid's name, Mlle Desoeillets, in the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence brought before the Chambre Ardente .

From the end of 168o onwards See also:

• LOUVOIS, FRANCOIS MICHEL LE TELLIER, MARQUIS DE (1641–1691)

Louvois, See also:

• COLBERT, JEAN BAPTISTE (1619-1683)

Colbert and Mme de Maintenon all helped to hush up the affair and to prevent further scandal about the mother of the king's legitimatized children . Louis XIV. continued to spend some time daily in her apartments, and apparently her brilliance and See also:

• CHARM (through the Fr. from the Lat. carmen, a song)

charm in conversation mitigated to some extent her position of discarded mistress . In 1691 she retired to the Convent of St See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph with a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of See also:

• HALF

half a million francs . Her See also:

• FATHER

father was See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, her See also:

• BROTHER

brother, the duc de Vivonne, a See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and one of her sisters, Gabrielle, whose vows were but four years old, became See also:

• ABBESS (Lat. abbatissa, fem. form of abbas, abbot)

abbess of the wealthy community of See also:

• FONTEVRAULT, or FONTEVRAUD (Lat. Fons Ebraldi)

Fontevrault . Besides the expenses of her houses and equipage Mme de Montespan spent vast sums on hospitals and charities . She was also a generous See also:

• PATRON

patron of letters, and befriended See also:

• CORNEILLE, PIERRE (1606–1684)
• CORNEILLE, THOMAS (1625-1709)

Corneille, See also:

• RACINE
• RACINE, JEAN (1639-1699)
• RACINE, LOUIS (1692-1763)

Racine and La See also:

• FONTAINE, PIERRE FRANCOIS LEONARD (1762-1853)

Fontaine . The last years of her See also:

• LIFE

life were given up to See also:

• PENANCE (Old Fr. penance, fr. Lat. poenitentia, penitence)

penance . When she died at Bourbon 1'Archambault on the 27th of May 1707 the king forbade her children to See also:

• WEAR

wear mourning for her . Real regret was See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt for her by the duchess of Bourbon and by her younger children—Francoise See also:

• MARIE

Marie, Mlle de See also:

• BLOIS

Blois (1677-1749), married in 1692 to the future See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans, then duc de See also:

• CHARTRES

Chartres, and Louis See also:

• ALEXANDRE, NOEL (NATALIS ALEXANDER) (1639-1724)

Alexandre, comte de See also:

• TOULOUSE
• TOULOUSE, LOUIS ALEXANDRE DE BOURBON, COUNT OF (1678-1737)

Toulouse (1678-1737) . See P . See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement, Madame de Montespan et Louis XIV .. (Paris, 1869) ; monographs by Arsene See also:

• HOUSSAYE, ARSINE (1815-1896)

Houssaye (1865) and by H .

See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams (1903) ; also J . Jair, Louise de la Valliere (Eng. trans., 19o8); F . Funck-See also:

• BRENTANO, KLEMENS (1778-1842)
• BRENTANO, LUDWIG JOSEPH [called Lujo]

Brentano, Le Drame See also:

• DES

des poisons (1899) ; A . See also:

• DURAND, ASHER BROWN (1796-1886)
• DURAND, GUILLAUME (d. 1334)
• DURAND, GUILLAUME (GUILLELMUS DURANDUS)

Durand, ` Un See also:

• EPISODE

episode du See also:

• GRAND

grand regne " in Rev. des questions his' . (Paris, 1868) ; the contemporary See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs of Mme de Sevigne, of Saint-Simon, of See also:

• BUSSY, ROGER DE RABUTIN, COMTE DE (1618–1693)

Bussy-Rabutin and others; also the proceedings of the Chambre Ardente preserved in the Archives de la See also:

• BASTILLE (from Fr. bastir, now bdtir, to build)

Bastille (See also:

• ARSENAL

Arsenal Library) and the notes of La Reynie preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale . She figured in V . See also:

• SARDOU, VICTORIEN (1831-1908)

Sardou's See also:

• PLAY

play, L'Affeire des poisons (1907) .