See also:

• EARL

EARL OF See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

LEICESTER See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

SIMON DE See also:

• MONTFORT
• EARL OF LEICESTER SIMON DE MONTFORT (d. 1265)

MONTFORT (d. 1265)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English statesman and soldier, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France about the See also:

• YEAR

year 1200 . He was the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth and youngest son of See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon IV. de See also:

• MONTFORT
• MONTFORT, SIMON DE, EARL OF LEICESTER (d. 1265)

Montfort (see above), the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the Albigensian crusade, by Alicia de Montmorenci . Simon IV., whose See also:

• MOTHER

mother was an heiress of the See also:

• BEAUMONT
• BEAUMONT, BELMONT, or BELLOMONT
• BEAUMONT, CHRISTOPHE DE (1703-1781)
• BEAUMONT, SIR JOHN (1583–1627)

Beaumont See also:

• FAMILY

family, claimed in her right, and received from See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, the earldom of See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester (1207), only to lose it again through espousing the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side in the See also:

• WARS

wars between that See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign and See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus . The See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young Simon, of whose youth and See also:

• EDUCATION

education nothing is recorded, came to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in 1230 and attached himself to See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry III., obtaining with the consent of his See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole surviving See also:

• BROTHER

brother Amauri a re-See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of the family earldom . Simon was for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time unpopular with the English and closely attached to the royal party . He gave, however, an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of religious fervour, and of an unbending harshness, by the See also:

• EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion of all the See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews who had settled in his See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough of Leicester to practise See also:

• USURY

usury . In 1238 he obtained the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of the king's See also:

• SISTER

sister Eleanor, the widowof the younger See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal . The king approved of the match, but it was resented by his brother See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard of See also:

• CORNWALL

Cornwall and the baronage, and objections were raised on the ground that Eleanor had previously taken vows of chastity . With some difficulty See also:

• EARL

Earl Richard was pacified; and Montfort obtained the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope's See also:

• CONFIRMATION (Lat. confirmatio, from confirmare, to establish, make firm)

confirmation of the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage by a See also:

• PERSONAL

personal visit to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . In 1239, however, the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of detractors and a See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel over some obscure See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial trans-actions in which he appears to have used Henry's name without a formal See also:

• WARRANT (Med. Lat. warantum; O. Fr. garant, warant, derived from O.H.G. root represented in modern German bygewdhren)

warrant led to a See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach between himself and the king . The earl and his wife went for a time to France; and, though a nominal reconciliation with the king was soon effected, both departed on crusade with Richard of Cornwall in 1240 . Eleanor was See also:

• LEFT

left behind in See also:

• APULIA (sometimes APPULIa in manuscripts but never in inscriptions)

Apulia while her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband proceeded to the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• LAND

Land .

He acquitted himself with distinction, and there was some thought among the Frankish barons of appointing him to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent of the Latin See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem . But he returned in 1241, took See also:

• PART

part in Henry's disastrous French expedition of 1242, and was readmitted to full favour . Between 1243 and 1248 he received many gifts from the king; he stood forward in See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament as a mediator between the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court party and the opposition; it is only from the See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence of his See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends See also:

• GROSSETESTE, ROBERT (c. 1175—1253)

Grosseteste and See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam de See also:

• MARSH (O. F. mersc, for merisc, a place full of "meres" or pools; cf. Ger. Meer, sea, Lat. mare)
• MARSH, ADAM (ADAM DE MARISCO) (d. c. 1258)
• MARSH, GEORGE PERKINS (1801-1882)
• MARSH, HERBERT (1757–1839)
• MARSH, NARCISSUS (1638-1713)
• MARSH, OTHNIEL CHARLES (1831-1899)

Marsh that we learn of his dissatisfaction with the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church and See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . He was keenly interested in Grosseteste's proposals for ecclesiastical See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

reformation, and was considered the mainstay of the reforming party . In 1248 he again took the See also:

• CROSS

cross, with the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of following See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis IX. to See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt . But, at the repeated See also:

• REQUESTS, COURT OF

requests of the king and See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, he gave up this project in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to act as See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor in the unsettled and disaffected duchy of See also:

• GASCONY (Wasconia)

Gascony . See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

Bitter complaints were excited by the rigour with which the earl suppressed the excesses of the seigneurs and of contending factions in the See also:

• GREAT

great communes . Henry yielded to the outcry and instituted a formal inquiry into the earl's See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . Montfort was formally acquitted on the charges of oppression, but his accounts were disputed by the king, and he retired in disgust to France (1252) . The nobles of France offered him the regency of the kingdom, vacant by the See also:

• DEATH

death of the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen-mother See also:

• BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

Blanche of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile, but he preferred to make his See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with Henry (1253), in obedience to the exhortations of the dying Grosseteste . He helped the king in dealing with the disaffection of Gascony; but their reconciliation was a hollow one, and in the parliament of 1254 the earl led the opposition in resisting a demand for a See also:

• SUBSIDY (through Fr. from Lat. subsidium, reserve troops, aid, assistance, from subsidere, literally " to sit or remain behind or in reserve,")

subsidy . In 1256 and 1257, when the discontent of all classes was coming to a See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, Montfort nominally adhered to the royal cause .

He undertook, with See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter of See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy, the queen's See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, the difficult task of extricating the king from the pledges which he had given to the pope with reference to the See also:

• CROWN

crown of See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily; and Henry's writs of this date mention the earl in friendly terms . But at the " Mad Parliament " of See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford (1258) Montfort appeared side by side with the earl of See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester at the head of the opposition . It is said that Montfort was reluctant to approve the oligarchical constitution created by the Provisions of Oxford, but his name appears in the See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of the Fifteen who were to constitute the supreme See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control over the administration . There is better ground for believing that he disliked the narrow class-spirit in which the victorious barons used their victory; and that he would gladly have made a See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise with the moderate royalists whose policy was guided by the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• EDWARD

Edward, Henry's eldest son . But the king's success in dividing the barons and in fostering a reaction rendered such projects hopeless . In 1261 Henry revoked his assent to the Provisions, and Montfort left the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in despair . He returned in 1263, at the invitation of the barons, who were now convinced of the king's hostility to all reform; and raised a See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion with the avowed See also:

• OBJECT

object of restoring the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government which the Provisions had ordained . For a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks it seemed as though the royalists were at his See also:

• MERCY (adapted from Fr. merci, Lat. merces, reward)
• MERCY (or MERCI), FRANZ, FREIHERR VON

mercy; but he made the See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

mistake of accepting Henry's offer to abide by the See also:

• ARBITRATION (Lat. arbitrari, to examine or judge)
• ARBITRATION, INTERNATIONAL

arbitration of Louis IX. of France . At See also:

• AMIENS

Amiens, in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1264, the French king decided that the Provisions were unlawful and invalid . Montfort, who had remained in England to prepare for the worst, at once resumed the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, and thus exposed himself to accusations of See also:

• PERJURY (through the Anglo-Fr. perjurie, modern parjure, Lat. perjurium, a false oath, perjurare, to swear falsely)

perjury, from which he can only be defended on the See also:

• HYPOTHESIS (from Gr. inrorcOivat, to put under; cf. Lat. suppositio, from sub-ponere)

hypothesis that he had been led to See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope for a genuine compromise . Though merely supported by the towns and a few of the younger barons, he triumphed by See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior generalship at See also:

• LEWES
• LEWES, CHARLES LEE (1740–1803)

Lewes (May 14, 1264), where the king, the Lord Edward, and Richard of Cornwall See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into his hands . Montfort used his victory to set up the government by which his reputation as a statesman stands or falls .

The weak point in his See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme was the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of a triumvirate (consisting of himself, the young earl of Gloucester, and the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• CHICHESTER

Chichester) in which his colleagues were obviously figureheads . This flaw, however, is mitigated by a scheme, which he simultaneously promulgated; for establishing a thorough See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary control over the executive; not excepting the triumvirs . The parliament which he summoned in 1265 was, it is true, a packed See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly; but it can hardly be supposed that the See also:

• REPRESENTATION

representation which he granted to the towns (see PARLIAMENT and REPRESENTATION) was intended to be a temporary expedient . The reaction against his government was baronial rather than popular; and the Welsh Marchers particularly resented Montfort's See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with Llewellyn of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales . Little See also:

• CONSIDERATION (from Lat. considerare, to look at closely, examine, generally taken to be from con-, and the base seen in sidus, sideris, a star, the word being supposed to be originally an astrological or astronomical term)

consideration for English interests is shown in the treaty of Pipton which sealed that alliance (See also:

• JUNE

June 22, 1265) . It was by the forces of the Marchers and the See also:

• STRATEGY

strategy of Edward that Montfort was defeated at See also:

• EVESHAM

Evesham (Aug . 4) . Divided from the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• BODY

body of his supporters, whose strength See also:

• LAY

lay in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, the earl was out-numbered and surrounded before reinforcements could reach him . For years after his death he was revered by the See also:

• COMMONS

commons as a See also:

• MARTYR (Gr. pimp or µaprvs)

martyr, and the government had no little difficulty in reducing the remnants of his baronial supporters . His See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character has suffered in the past from indiscriminate eulogy as much as from detractors . He was undoubtedly harsh, masterful, impatient and ambitious . But no See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere adventurer could have won the friendship of such men as Marsh and Grosseteste; their See also:

• VERDICT (O. Fr. verdit, Lat. vere dictum, truly said, used in Late Latin in one word with its present significance)

verdict of approval may be the more unhesitatingly admitted since it is not untempered with See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism .

The See also:

• ORIGINAL

original authorities are those for the reign of Henry III, The best See also:

• BIOGRAPHIES

biographies are those by R . See also:

• PAULI, REINHOLD (1823-1882)

Pauli (trans . C . M . See also:

• GOODWIN, JOHN (c. 1594–1665)
• GOODWIN, NATHANIEL CARL (1857– )
• GOODWIN, THOMAS (1600-168o)
• GOODWIN, WILLIAM WATSON (1831– )

Goodwin, See also:

• LONDON

London, 1876) ; G . W . Prothero (London, 1877) ; C . See also:

• BEMONT, CHARLES (1848— )

Bemont (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1884) . See also the letters of Adam de Marsh in J . S . See also:

• BREWER, JOHN SHERREN (1810-1879)

Brewer's Monumenta franciscana, vol. i (Rolls See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, 1858) ; H . R .

Luard, Epistolae Roberti Grossetesie (Rolls, series, 1861); F . S . See also:

• STEVENSON, ADLA1 EWING (1835- )
• STEVENSON, ROBERT (1772-1850)
• STEVENSON, ROBERT LEWIS BALFOUR (1850-1894)

Stevenson, See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Grossetesie (London, 1899) • W . H . Blaauw, The Barons' War (See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, 1871) . (H . W . C .