See also:

• JUSTIN (JUNIANUS JUSTINUS)

JUSTIN See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

SMITH See also:

• JUSTIN SMITH MORRILL (1810–1898)

MORRILL (1810–1898)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader and financier, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• STRAFFORD, EARLS OF
• STRAFFORD, THOMAS WENTWORTH, EARL

Strafford, See also:

• VERMONT

Vermont, on the 14th of See also:

• APRIL

April 181o . He was a clerk in a See also:

• STORE (from O. Fr. estor or estoire, Late Lat. staurum or instaurum, stock, provisions, supply, from the late use of instaurare, to provide, properly to construct, renew, restore)

store at Strafford in 1825 1828, and at See also:

• PORTLAND
• PORTLAND, EARL OF
• PORTLAND, ISLE OF
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM BENTINCK, EARL
• PORTLAND, WILLIAM HENRY CAVENDISH BENTINCK

Portland, See also:

• MAINE
• MAINE, ANNE LOUISE BENEDICTE DE BOURBON
• MAINE, SIR HENRY JAMES SUMNER (1822–1888)

Maine, in 1828–1831, and was a See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant and then a See also:

• FARMER, RICHARD (1735–1787)

farmer in his native See also:

• TOWN

town in 1831-1855 . He was elected to the See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of representatives as an See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery Whig in 1854, soon afterwards joining the new Republican party, and served in the house from 1855 until 1867 . From 1867 until his See also:

• DEATH

death in See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington on the 28th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1898 he represented Vermont in the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

Senate . In the house he was continuously a member of the ways and means See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee (of which he was chairman in 1865–1867), and in the Senate of the See also:

• FINANCE

finance committee (of which he was chairman in 1877–1879, 1881–1893 and 1893–1898) . Soon after entering See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress he became the acknowledged leader of the protectionists, and at the See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• SHERMAN
• SHERMAN, JOHN (x823-1900)
• SHERMAN, ROGER (1721–1793)

Sherman, then chairman of the ways and means committee, he prepared a new See also:

• TARIFF (adapted in English from the French; the word comes through the Spanish tarifa, a list or schedule of prices, from the Arabic, ta'rifa, information, an inventory, 'arf, know-ledge)

tariff See also:

• BILL

bill, which was introduced in the house in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March r86o . To this relatively conservative bill, which substituted in many instances ad valorem for specific duties, and was intended by its author to be a See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue as well as a protective measure, were added many amendments which made the bill more strongly protectionist, and in some cases were vigorously opposed by See also:

• MORRILL, JUSTIN SMITH (1810–1898)

Morrill . The bill was finally passed by the Senate on the 20th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1861, and was signed by See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

President See also:

• BUCHANAN
• BUCHANAN, CLAUDIUS
• BUCHANAN, GEORGE (1506–1582)
• BUCHANAN, JAMES (1791-1868)
• BUCHANAN, ROBERT WILLIAMS (1841-1901)

Buchanan on the 2nd of March following . Morrill is probably best known as the author of the See also:

• LAND

Land See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

Grant See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act of 1862, which led to the development of the highly important See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state educational institutions, aided by the Federal See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . On the 14th of December 1857, Morrill introduced in the house a bill " donating public lands to the several states and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture and the mechanic arts." This bill passed both houses, but was vetoed in February 1859 by President Buchanan on the ground that it would cause See also:

• FRICTION (from Lat. fricare, to rub)

friction between the states, that it would be uneconomical, that it might encourage fraudulent See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation, that it would injure existing institutions, and that it was unconstitutional . A similar bill was introduced by Morrill on the 16th of December 1861, and five months after-wards was presented to the Senate by See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• WADE (or WAAD), SIR WILLIAM (1546-1623)
• WADE, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1800-1878)
• WADE, GEORGE (1673-1748)
• WADE, SIR THOMAS FRANCIS (1818-1895)
• WADE, THOMAS (18o5-1875)

Wade of See also:

• OHIO

Ohio . The measure had a negative See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report from committee in the house, and was strongly opposed in the Senate; but it passed both branches, and on the 2nd of See also:

• JULY

July 1862 was signed by President See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln .

This measure provided for the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation and See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of colleges " where the leading See also:

• OBJECT

object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military See also:

• TACTICS (Gr. TaeTOc*, sc. TEXvnI, from TavQecv, to arrange in order of battle)

tactics [which had not been included in the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original bill], to See also:

• TEACH [THATCH OR THACH], EDWARD (d. 1718)

teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts . . . in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to promote the liberal and See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical See also:

• EDUCATION

education of the See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions in See also:

• LIFE

life." In 1890 Morrill introduced in the Senate the so-called " Second Morrill Act," under which $25,00o is given annually by the Federal government to each of the " land-grant " colleges .