See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

ROBERT See also:

• MORRIS
• MORRIS [MORRISON], CLARA (1849– )
• MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR (1752–1816)
• MORRIS, JOHN (1810-1886)
• MORRIS, RICHARD (1833–1894)
• ROBERT MORRIS (1734–1806)
• MORRIS, SIR LEWIS (1833–1907)
• MORRIS, WILLIAM (1834-1896)

MORRIS (1734–1806)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American financier, a signer of the See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

Declaration of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• LIVERPOOL
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS
• LIVERPOOL, EARLS OF

Liverpool, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, on the 31st of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1734 . He emigrated to See also:

• AMERICA

America in 1747, entered a See also:

• MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL) AGENCIES

mercantile See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, and in 1754 became a member of a prosperous See also:

• FIRM

firm, which was known successively as Willing, See also:

• MORRIS
• MORRIS [MORRISON], CLARA (1849– )
• MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR (1752–1816)
• MORRIS, JOHN (1810-1886)
• MORRIS, RICHARD (1833–1894)
• MORRIS, ROBERT (1734–1806)
• MORRIS, SIR LEWIS (1833–1907)
• MORRIS, WILLIAM (1834-1896)

Morris & Co., Willing, Morris & See also:

• INGLIS, SIR JOHN EARDLEY WILMOT (1814-1862)
• INGLIS, SIR WILLIAM (1764-1835)

Inglis and Willing, Morris & See also:

• SWANWICK, ANNA (1813-1899)

Swanwick . In the conflict with the See also:

• MOTHER

mother See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country Morris took the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the colonists, but associated himself with the conservative See also:

• GROUP

group of See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania Whigs who followed the See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• DICKINSON, ANNA ELIZABETH (1842– )
• DICKINSON, JOHN (1732–1808)

Dickinson and See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
• WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
• WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
• WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
• WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
• WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
• WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
• WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
• WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
• WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
• WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
• WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
• WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
• WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
• WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )

Wilson, rather than with the more See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical See also:

• FACTION (through the French, from Lat. factio, a company of persons combined for action, facere, to do; from the other French derivative facon comes " fashion ")

faction represented by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• PAINE, ROBERT TREAT (1731–1814)
• PAINE, THOMAS (1737–1809)

Paine . He was See also:

• VICE

vice-See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Pennsylvania See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

Committee of Safety (1775–1776), and a member of the See also:

• CONTINENTAL

Continental See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress (1975-1778) . At first he disapproved of the Declaration of Independence, but he joined the other members in See also:

• SIGNING

signing it on the 2nd of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August . He retired from Congress in 1778, and was at once sent to the legislature, serving in 1778–1779 and in 1780-1781 . His greatest public service was the financing of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of Independence . As chairman or member of various committees he practically controlled the See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial operations of Congress from 1776 to 1778, and when the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board See also:

• SYSTEM

system was superseded in 1781 by single-headed executive departments he was chosen See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent of See also:

• FINANCE

finance . With the able co-operation of his assistant, Gouverneur Morris—who was in no way related to him—he filled this position with See also:

• GREAT

great efficiency during the trying years from 1781 to 1784 . For the same See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period he was also See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent of marine, and hence See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• NAVY

navy See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department . Through requisitions on the states and loans from the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, and in large measure through See also:

• MONEY

money advanced out of his own See also:

• POCKET

pocket or borrowed on his private See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit, he furnished the means to See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

transfer See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington's See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army from Dobbs See also:

• FERRY (from the same root as that of the verb " to fare," to journey or travel, common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. fahren; it is connected with the root of Gr. 7ropos, way, and Lat. portage, to carry)
• FERRY, JULES FRANCOIS CAMILLE (1832—1893)

Ferry to See also:

• YORKTOWN

Yorktown (1781) . In 1781 he established in See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia the See also:

• BANK

Bank of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North America, chartered first by Congress and later by Pennsylvania, the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest financial institution in the See also:

• UNITED

United States, and the first which had even partially a See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character .

A confusion of public and private accounts, due primarily to the fact that his own credit was See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior to that of the United States, gave rise to charges of dishonesty, of which he was acquitted by a See also:

• VOTE

vote of Congress . He was a member of the Federal See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

Convention of 1787, but took little See also:

• PART

part in its deliberations beyond making the speech which placed Washington in nomination for the See also:

• PRESIDENCY

presidency of the See also:

• BODY

body . On the formation of the new See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government he was offered, but declined, the secretaryship of the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury, and urged See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton's See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment in his See also:

• STEAD, WILLIAM THOMAS (1849– )

stead . As United States senator, 1789-1795, he supported the Federalist policies and gave Hamilton considerable assistance in carrying out his financial plans, taking part, according to tradition, in arranging a bargain by which certain See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia representatives were induced to vote for the funding of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state debts in return for the location of the Federal See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital on the See also:

• POTOMAC

Potomac . After the war he gradually disposed of his mercantile and bankinginterests and engaged extensively in western See also:

• LAND

land See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation . At one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time or another he owned wholly or in See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major part nearly the entire western See also:

• HALF

half of New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York state, two million acres in See also:

• GEORGIA

Georgia and about one million each in Pennsylvania, Virginia and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South Carolina . The slow development of this See also:

• PROPERTY

property, the failure of a See also:

• LONDON

London bank in which he had funds invested, the erection of a palatial See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in Philadelphia, and the dishonesty of one of his partners, finally drove him into See also:

• BANKRUPTCY (from Lat. bancus or Fr. banquet table or counter, and Lat. ruptus, broken)

bankruptcy, and he was confined in a debtors' See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison for more than three years (1798-1801) . He died in Philadelphia on the 7th of May 18o6 . The best See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography is E . P . Oberholtzer's See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Morris, Patriot and Financier (New York, 1903), based upon the Robert Morris papers in the Library of Congress; see also W . G .

See also:

• SUMNER, CHARLES (1811--1874)
• SUMNER, CHARLES RICHARD (1790-1874)
• SUMNER, EDWIN VOSE (1797-1863)
• SUMNER, JOHN BIRD (1780-1862)
• SUMNER, WILLIAM GRAHAM (1840-1910)

Sumner's The Financier and the Finances of the American Revolution (New York, 1891) .