See also:

• MOSCOW (Russian Moskva)
• MOSCOW, (Russian Moskva)

MOSCOW (See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian Moskva)  , a See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of Central See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, bounded by the governments of See also:

• TVER

Tver on the N.W., See also:

• VLADIMIR
• VLADIMIR, ST (c. 956-1015)

Vladimir and See also:

• RYAZAN

Ryazan on the E., See also:

• TULA

Tula and See also:

• KALUGA

Kaluga on the S., and See also:

• SMOLENSK

Smolensk on the W., and having an See also:

• AREA

area of 12,855 sq. m . The See also:

• SURFACE

surface is undulating, with broad depressions occupied by the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers, and varies in See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation from 500 to 850 ft . The government is situated in the centre of the See also:

• MOSCOW (Russian Moskva)
• MOSCOW, (Russian Moskva)

Moscow See also:

• COAL

coal-See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin, which extends into the neighbouring governments . Its See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

geology has been carefully studied, and it appears that in the See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period the surface of this See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province was already See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental; but during the Cretaceous period it was to some extent overflowed by the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . See also:

• JURASSIC

Jurassic deposits are represented by their upper divisionsonly; the See also:

• LOWER

lower ones, as well as Triassic and See also:

• PERMIAN

Permian deposits, are wanting . The Carboniferous deposits are of a deep-sea origin, and are only represented by the upper See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division which lies upon Devonian deposits, discovered in an artesian well at Moscow at a See also:

• DEPTH

depth of 1508 ft . The pendulum See also:

• ANOMALY (from Gr. lwvw)

anomaly, mentioned by Kaspar Gottfried See also:

• SCHWEITZER, JEAN BAPTISTA VON (1833–1875)

Schweitzer (1816-1873), has been investigated . It appears in a See also:

• ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone to m. wide and about 95 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long from See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west to See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east, and is See also:

• POSITIVE (or PORTABLE) ORGAN

positive (+10 6") to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of Moscow and negative (-2.7") to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south . The government is drained by the See also:

• VOLGA (known to the Tatars as Etil, Jill or Atel; to the Finnish tribes as Rau, and to the ancients as Rha and Oarus)

Volga, which skirts it for a few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles on its See also:

• NORTHERN

northern boundary, by the navigable Sestra, which brings it into communication with the canals leading to St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg, by the Oka, and by the Moskva . The Oka and Moskva from a remote period have been important channels of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, and continue to be so notwithstanding the development of the See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways . The Oka brings the government into See also:

• WATER

water communication with the Volga . Extensive forests (39% of the entire area) still exist .

The See also:

• SOIL

soil is somewhat unproductive; See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture is carried on everywhere, but only two districts export See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn, all the others being more or less dependent on extraneous supplies . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal crops are See also:

• RYE

rye, oats, See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley, potatoes, with some See also:

• FLAX

flax, See also:

• HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp and hops . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population, 1,913,700 in 1873, numbered 2,430,549 in 1897, and 2,733,300 in 1906 . They are nearly all See also:

• GREAT

Great-Russians and belong to the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church (4% Nonconformists) . The importance of the Moscow government as a manufacturing centre is steadily increasing, and it now stands first in Russia . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief factories are for cottons, woollens, silks, clothing, chemicals, See also:

• SUGAR

sugar refineries, distilleries, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-See also:

• WORKS

works . There is besides a very great variety of See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries—such as those concerned with See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)

thread and gold brocades, gold and See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• JEWELRY (O. Fr. jouel, Fr. joyau, perhaps from joie, joy; Lat. gaudium; retranslated into Low Lat. jocale, a toy, from jocus, by misapprehension of the origin of the word)

jewelry, See also:

• BRONZE

bronze, See also:

• PERFUMERY (Lat. per, through, and fumare, to smoke)

perfumery, sweets, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, tanneries, See also:

• GUTTA (Latin for " drop ")

gutta-percha, See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture, carriages, See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall-See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, toys, baskets, See also:

• LACE (corresponding to Ital. merletto, trina; Genoese Pizzo; Ger. spitzen; Fr. dentelle; Dutch kanten; Span. encaje; the English word owes something to the Fr. lassis or laces, but both are connected with the earlier Lat. laqueus; early French laces were

lace, and See also:

• PAPIER

papier-mache . The government is divided into 13 districts . The prehistoric See also:

• ARCHAEOLOGY (from Gr. &pxa1a, ancient things, and Xoyos, theory or science)

archaeology of Moscow has been carefully studied . This See also:

• DISTRICT

district has been inhabited since the See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

Stone See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

Age . Bronze implements are rare, and there are places where See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments of stone, See also:

• BONE (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, in many of which it is confined to the shank of the leg, as in the German Bein)
• BONE, HENRY (1755-1834)

bone and iron are found together . The inhabitants who constructed the See also:

• BURIAL

burial mounds in the loth to 12th centuries seem to have been of Finnish origin, and were poorer, as a See also:

• RULE

rule, than their contemporaries on the Volga .