MOUSE  , in its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original sense probably the name of the semi-domesticated See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house-mouse (See also:

• MUS

Mus musculus), the type of the genus Mus and of the See also:

• FAMILY

family Muridae . Zoologically, there is no distinction between mice and rats; these names being employed respectively for most or all of the smaller and larger " mouse-like " and " See also:

• RAT (a word common to Teut. and Rom. languages; probably first adopted in Teut.; the ultimate origin is not known; Skeat suggests the root rad-, to scratch; cf. Ger. Ratte, Dan. rotte, Fr. rat, &c.)

rat-like " representatives of the Muridae, whether they belong to the genus Mus or not . It is true indeed that in zoological nomenclature some of these are distinguished as " voles " (see See also:

• VOLE

VOLE), but this is not in See also:

• ACCORD (from Fr. accorder, to agree)

accord with popular usage, where such creatures come under the designation either of See also:

• WATER

water-rats or See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field-mice . The distinctive characters of the typical mice (and rats), i.e. those included in the genus Mus, are dealt with in the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article See also:

• RODENTIA

RODENTIA . With the exception of See also:

• MADAGASCAR

Madagascar, the genus Mus ranges over practically the whole of the Old See also:

• WORLD

World, having indigenous representatives even in See also:

• AUSTRALASIA

Australasia; while the house-mouse, with See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man's involuntary aid, has succeeded in establishing itself throughout the civilized world . The following is a brief See also:

• NOTICE

notice of the See also:

• SPECIES

species of true mice (that is to say, those generally included in the genus Mus) inhabiting the See also:

• BRITISH

British Isles . These are three in number . M. musculus, the house-mouse, originally a native of Central See also:

• ASIA

Asia, has spread to all the inhabited parts of the globe . M. sylvaticus, the See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood or See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-tailed field-mouse, is a species See also:

• COMMON

common in many parts of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, often taking to barns and out-houses for shelter during the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter . It is of about the same See also:

• SIZE

size and See also:

• PRO

pro-portions as M. musculus, but of a See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright reddish-See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, with a pure See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white belly . M. minutes, the See also:

• HARVEST (A.S. hcerfest " autumn," O.H. Ger. herbist, possibly through an old Teutonic root representing Lat. car pere, " to pluck ")

harvest-mouse, is the smallest of the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European mice, seldom exceeding 22 or 3 in. in length; and of a yellowish-red colour, with comparatively See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short ears and tail . It lives entirely away from houses, commonly taking up its See also:

• ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

abode in See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat or See also:

• HAY
• HAY (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Heu, Dutch hooi; the root from which it is derived, meaning " to cut," is also seen in " to hew "; cf. " hoe ")
• HAY, GEORGE (1729—1811)
• HAY, GILBERT
• HAY, JOHN (1838–1905)

hay See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields, where it builds a See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round grass See also:

• NEST

nest about the size of a See also:

• CRICKET
• CRICKET (Gryllidae)

cricket-See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

ball, in which it brings up its See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young .

Its range extends from England to See also:

• JAPAN

Japan . In regard to the first it is noteworthy that house-mice isolated on a small sandbank near See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin have See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed a See also:

• SPECIAL

special colouring of their own; also that distinct See also:

• LOCAL

local varieties, M. musculus muralis and M. m. faeroensis, inhabit respectively St Kilda and the Faeroes . In Central Asia there exists a See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild mouse (M. bactrianus), and likewise a second species (M. wagneri), with the habits of a house-mouse, both of which are closely allied to M. musculus; while there is a third See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind (M. gentilis), also nearly related, in the deserts of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . According to See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

Major G . E . H . See also:

• BARRETT, LAWRENCE (1838-1891)
• BARRETT, LUCAS (1837-1862)

Barrett-See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton it is probable that M. bactrianus and M. musculus are respectively See also:

• DESERT

desert and house modifications descended from some Central Asian ancestor more or less nearly allied to M. wagneri . As regards the other two British species, it must suffice to say that there are several local races of each; Mus sylvaticus being represented by several in the British Isles, although there is but one British representative of M. minutus . It may be added that by some naturalists both M. sylvaticus and M. minutus are separated from Mus as Micromys . See G . E . H .

Barrett–Hamilton, " See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

Note on the Harvest-Mice of the Palaearctic Region," See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals and See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine of Nat . See also:

• HISTORY

History (See also:

• APRIL

April 1899) ; " On the Species of the genus Mus inhabiting St Kilda," Proc . Zool . See also:

• SOC

Soc . (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1899) ; " On See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical and Individual Variation in Ivius sylvaticus and its See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

Allies," op. cit . (1900) ; W . E . See also:

• CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
• CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
• CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
• CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
• CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
• CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
• CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
• CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
• CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
• CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
• CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
• CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)

Clarke, " On Forms of Mus musculus, with Description of a New Subspecies from the See also:

• FAEROE (also written FAROE or THE FAEROES, Danish Faeroerne or Fliroerne, "the sheep islands ")

Faeroe Islands," Proc . See also:

• ROY, WILLIAM (1726-1790)

Roy . Phys . Soc . (See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, 1904), vol. xv .

(R . L.*) MOUSE-See also:

• BIRD

BIRD (Du . Muisvogel), the name by which in Cape See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

Colony and See also:

• NATAL

Natal the members of the genus Colius of M . J . See also:

• BRISSON, EUGENE HENRI (1835– )
• BRISSON, MATHURIN JACQUES (1723-1806)

Brisson are known—probably from their singular See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of creeping along the boughs of trees with the whole See also:

• TARSUS (mod. Tersous)

tarsus applied to the See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch . By the earlier systematists, Colius was placed among the Fringillidae; but the investigations of J . Murie and A . H . Garrod on its See also:

• INTERNAL

internal structure showed that it was not a true Passerine, and it is now placed in a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate family, Coliidae, amongst Coraciiform birds, near the trogons and swifts (q.v.) . The Coliidae are small birds, with a rather Mouse-Bird . See also:

• FINCH
• FINCH (Ger. Fink, Lat. Fringilla)

finch-like See also:

• BILL

bill, a more or less crested See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, a very long tail, and generally of a dun or See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate-coloured plumage that sometimes brightens into See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue or is pleasingly diversified with white or See also:

• CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut . They feed almost wholly on fruits, but occasionally take See also:

• INSECTS

insects, in quest of which they pass in bands of fifteen or twenty from See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree to tree .

Seven species are believed to exist, all belonging to the Ethiopian region (of which the Family is one of the most characteristic), and ranging from See also:

• ABYSSINIA (officially ETHIOPIA)

Abyssinia southwards . Three species inhabit Cape Colony . (A .