JOHN

See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

PETER

See also:

• GABRIEL (Heb. SKns, man of God)

GABRIEL

See also:

• MUHLENBERG, HENRY MELCHIOR (1711–1787)
• JOHN PETER GABRIEL MUHLENBERG (1746–1807)
• MUHLENBERG, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS (1796-1877)

MUHLENBERG (1746–1807)  , American preacher and soldier, son of H . M . Muhlenberg (q.v.), was born at Trappe, Pennsylvania, on the 1st of October 1746 . With his two brothers he was educated in Germany . He entered the Lutheran ministry, had charge of churches at New German-town and Bedminster, New jersey, and after 1772 of a church in Woodstock, Virginia, and there in 1775 raised the 8th Virginia (German) regiment, of which he was made colonel; in February 1777 he became a brigadier-general in the Continental Army; and in September 1783 was breveted major-general . He took part in the battles of Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth, and at Yorktown commanded the first brigade of light infantry . After the war he removed to Pennsylvania . He was a member of the Virginia convention of 1776, was vice-president of the supreme-executive council of Pennsylvania in 1787–1788, and was a representative in Congress in 1789–1791, in 1793–1795, and in 1799–1801 . In 18o1 he was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the United States Senate, but immediately resigned to become supervisor of revenue for the district of Pennsylvania . He became collector of the port of Philadelphia in 1803 . He was a friend of Thomas Jefferson and of James Monroe . See Life by Henry A .

Muhlenburg (Philadelphia, 1849) . His

brother, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS CONRAD MUHLENBERG (1750-1801), became his father's assistant in Philadelphia in 1770; was pastor of the Christ (or Swamp) German Lutheran Church of New York City from 1773 to 1776; and in 1777–1779 was assistant to his father at New Hanover . In 1779–1780 he was a member of the Continental Congress, in 1780-1783 of the Pennsylvania general assembly (then consisting of only one house), and in 1789-1790 of the state constitutional convention . He was president of the Pennsylvania convention which ratified the federal constitution, and was a member in 1789-1797 of the national House of Representatives, of which he was speaker in 1789-1791 and 1793-1795 . On the 29th of April 1796, as chair-man of the committee of the whole, he cast the deciding vote for the laws necessary to carry out Jay's treaty . Another brother, GOTTHILF HENRY ERNEST MUHLENBERG (1753-1815), was a prominent Lutheran clergyman, and was pastor of a church in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, from 1779 to his death; but he is best known as a botanist, and published Catalogus plantarum Americae septentrionalis (1813) and Descriptio uberior graminum et plantarum calamariarum Americae septentrionalis indignarum et circurum (1817) . See John M . Maisch, G . H . E . Muhlenberg als Botaniker (1886) . Gotthilf's son, HENRY AUGUSTUS MUHLENBERG (1782-1844), was pastor of a Lutheran Church in Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1802-1828, was a Democratic representative in Congress in 1829-1838, and was United States minister to Austria in 1838-184o .