See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• MUIR, JOHN (1810-1882)
• SIR WILLIAM MUIR (1819-1905)

MUIR (1819-1905)  , Scottish Orientalist, See also:

• BROTHER

brother of the preceding, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• GLASGOW

Glasgow on the 27th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1819 . He was educated at See also:

• KILMARNOCK

Kilmarnock See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, at Glasgow and See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

Universities, and at Haileybury See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, and in 1837 entered the See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal See also:

• CIVIL

Civil Service . He served as secretary to the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Provinces, and as a member of the See also:

• AGRA

Agra See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board, and during the See also:

• MUTINY
• MUTINY (from an old verb " mutine," O. Fr. mutin, meutin, a sedition; cf. mod. Fr. emeute; the original is the Late Lat. mota, commotion, from movere, to move)

Mutiny he was in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the intelligence See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department there . In 1865 he was made See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign secretary to the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government . In 1867 he was knighted (K.C.S.I.), and in 1868 he became See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant-governor of the North-West Provinces . In 1874 he was appointed See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial member of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

Council, and retired in 1876, when he became a member of the Council of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India in See also:

• LONDON

London . He had always taken an See also:

• INTEREST

interest in educational matters, and it was chiefly through his exertions that the central college at See also:

• ALLAHABAD

Allahabad, known as See also:

• MUIR, JOHN (1810-1882)
• MUIR, SIR WILLIAM (1819-1905)

Muir's College, was built and endowed . In 1885 he was elected See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal of Edinburgh University in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

Grant, and held the See also:

• POST

post till 1903, when he retired . Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Njuir was a profound Arabic See also:

• SCHOLAR, SCHOLARSHIP

scholar, and made a careful study of the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• MAHOMET (strictly MUHAMMAD, commonly also MOHAMMED)

Mahomet and the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• CALIPHATE

caliphate . His See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief books are a See also:

• LIFE

Life of Mahomet and History of See also:

• ISLAM

Islam to the Era of the Hegira; See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals of the Early Caliphate; The Caliphate, an abridgment and continuation of the Annals, which brings the See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record down to the fall of the caliphate on the onset of the See also:

• MONGOLS

Mongols; The See also:

• KORAN

Koran: its See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

Composition and Teaching; and The Mohammedan Controversy, a reprint of five essays published at intervals between 1885 and 1887 . In 1881 he delivered the Rede lecture at See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge on The Early Caliphate and Rise of Islam . He married in 1840 See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth See also:

• HUNTLY
• HUNTLY, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Huntly See also:

• WEMYSS
• WEMYSS, EARLS OF

Wemyss (d .

1897), and had five sons and six daughters; four of his sons served in India, and one of them, See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel A . N . Muir (d . 1899), was acting See also:

• RESIDENT

resident in See also:

• NEPAL, NEPAUL

Nepal . MUKADDASI' [the appellation of Shams ad Din See also:

• ABU

Abu Abdallah Mahommed See also:

• IBN

ibn Abmad] (/t . 967985), Arabian traveller, author of a Description of the Lands of Islam which is the most See also:

• ORIGINAL

original and among the most important of Arabic geographies of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages . His See also:

• FAMILY

family name was Al Bashari . His paternal grandfather was an architect who constructed many public See also:

• WORKS

works in See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine, especially at See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

Acre, and his See also:

• MOTHER

mother's family was opulent . His maternal grandfather, a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic and See also:

• LITERARY

literary tastes, migrated to See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem from Jurjan See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province in See also:

• PERSIA

Persia, near the frontier of See also:

• KHORASAN, or KHORASSAN (i.e. " land of the sun ")

Khorasan . His descriptions See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest on extensive travels through a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of years . His first See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage was made at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty (in A.H . 356=A.D .

967), but his See also:

• BOOK

book was not published till A.H . 375 (A.D . 985-986), when he was See also:

• FORTY

forty years old . The two See also:

• MSS

MSS . (at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin and See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople) represent a later recension (A.H . 378) . The book became known in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe through the copy brought from India by See also:

• SPRENGER, JAKOB (fl. 1500)

Sprenger, and was edited by See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor M . J. de See also:

• GOEJE, MICHAEL JAN DE (1836—1909)

Goeje as the third See also:

• PART

part of his Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum (See also:

• LEIDEN

Leiden, 1877) . See also the See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation (unfinished) by G . S . A . Ranking and R .

F . Azoo, in Bibliothech Indica, New Series, Nos . 899, 952, 1001 (Bengal See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic Society, 1897–1901); Mulcaddasi's Syrian See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter has been separately translated and edited in English by See also:

• GUY, THOMAS (1644–1724)

Guy le See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

Strange (London, See also:

• PALES

Pales-tine Pilgrims See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

Text Society, 1886); in See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German by J.Gildemeister in Zeitschrift See also:

• DES

des deutschen Palestina-Vereins, vol. vii . (1884) .