MULBERRY 2 (botanically Morus; nat. ord. See also:

• MORACEAE

Moraceae)  , a genus of about ten See also:

• SPECIES

species growing in the temperate regions of the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern hemisphere and in the mountains of the tropics . They are See also:

• DECIDUOUS (from Lat. decidere, to fall down)

deciduous trees or shrubs with alternate, toothed, often three-lobed leaves and unisexual See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers in catkin-like inflorescences . The See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black mulberry (Morus See also:

• NIGRA, COSTANTINO, COUNT (1828-1907)

nigra), a native of western See also:

• ASIA

Asia, spread westwards in cultivation at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period; it was cultivated by the Greeks and See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans, and in northern See also:

• EUROPE

Europe by the 9th and loth centuries . Up to the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it was extensively grown in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy for rearing silkworms, but has since been superseded by M. See also:

• ALBA

alba . It is now mainly cultivated for its oblong purplish-black See also:

• COMPOUND
• COMPOUND (from Lat. componere, to combine or put together)

compound See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit—the so-called sorosis, formed from the whole See also:

• FEMALE

female' inflorescence in which the perianth leaves of the single flowers have become fleshy—which is wholesome and palatable if eaten fresh before acetous See also:

• FERMENTATION

fermentation has set in . The mulberry succeeds as a See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard in the warmer parts of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, especially in sheltered situations, but in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of England and the less favoured parts of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland it requires the assistance of a See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall . The standard trees require no other pruning or training than an occasional thinning out of the branches, and are generally planted on lawns, to prevent the fruit being damaged when it 2 Mulberry stands for murberry or morberry, i.e. morus and " See also:

• BERRY, CHARLES ALBERT (1852-1899)
• BERRY, CHARLES FERDINAND
• BERRY, JOHN, DUKE OF (1340-1416)
• BERRY, or BERRI

berry," cf . Ger. maulbeere, O.H.G. mz2lberi, mdrberi . falls . The See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree succeeds best in a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich, deep, and somewhat moist See also:

• LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

loam, but grows well in any See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden ground . It is usually propagated either by cuttings or layers, which latter, if made from the older branches of the tree, come sooner into bearing . Cuttings planted in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring should consist of well-ripened shoots of the preceding See also:

• YEAR

year, with a See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint of twoyear-old See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood at their See also:

• BASE

base, or if planted in autumn should have the shoots well matured, and furnished with a See also:

• HEEL

heel of two-year-old wood .

The branches and even stout limbs are sometimes employed as cuttings instead of the younger shoots, especially when the See also:

• OBJECT

object is to obtain a bearing tree quickly . Mulberry (Morus nigra) Shoot bearing Fruit . r, Catkin of male flowers . 3, Cluster of female flowers . 4, Two female flowers . 2, A male See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower . The See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch should be planted deeply in autumn in good See also:

• SOIL

soil, and if necessary supported in an upright position by a stake . The most See also:

• COMMON

common mode of See also:

• PROPAGATION

propagation, however, is by layering the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young branches . The mulberry may be grown in pots, and gently forwarded in an See also:

• ORCHARD (O. Eng. ort-geard, later orceard; a combination apparently of Lat. hortus, garden, and " yard " or " Barth ")

orchard See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, and under these conditions the fruit acquires a richness of flavour unknown in the fruit ripened out of doors . If cultivated in this way it requires abundance of See also:

• WATER

water while the fruit is swelling, and also frequent dressings of artificial fertilizers . The See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white mulberry (M. alba), so called from its nearly white fruit, is the one mainly employed in sericulture . It is a native of See also:

• CHINA

China and has been cultivated from the earliest times in Asia and since the 12th century in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean region .

There are many varieties, among which the Philippine mulberry (See also:

• VAR

var. multicaulis) is perhaps most highly esteemed . The See also:

• INDIAN

Indian species, M. indica (not to be confounded with Morinda citrifolia, a rubiaceous tree, sometimes also called Indian mulberry), is also cultivated for the same purpose . M. rubra, the North See also:

• AMERICAN

American red mulberry, is the largest of the genus, often reaching a height of 70 ft . It produces dark red berries much inferior in flavour, however, to those of K. nigra . Broussonetia papyrifera, a member of a closely allied genus, is the See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper mulberry, a native of See also:

• BURMA

Burma, China and See also:

• POLYNESIA, (Gr. iroXi,, many, and vnno-os, island)
• POLYNESIA, MELANESIA, MICRONESIA (q.v.)

Polynesia, ' and widely cultivated in See also:

• JAPAN

Japan, where the bark is used for paper-making . The Tapa-See also:

• CLOTH

cloth of the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea Islands is also made from it . The plant is a See also:

• SHRUB

shrub or small tree with large mulberry-like lobed or entire hairy leaves . Several forms are cultivated, differing chiefly in the shape of the leaves .