See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT BURKHARD CHRISTOPH See also:

• COUNT BURKHARD CHRISTOPH MUNNICH (1683-1767)

MUNNICH (1683-1767)  , See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian soldier and statesman, was See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

horn at Neuenhuntorf, in See also:

• OLDENBURG

Oldenburg, in 1683, and at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age entered the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French service . Thence he transferred successively to the armies of See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

Hesse-See also:

• DARMSTADT

Darmstadt and of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony, and finally, with the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief and the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count, he joined the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter II. of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia . In 1732 he became See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field-See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal and See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . In this See also:

• POST

post he did See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good service in the re-organization of the Russian army, and founded the See also:

• CADET (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. capitettum, a diminutive of caput, head, through the Provencal form capdet)

cadet See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps which was destined to See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply the future generations of See also:

• OFFICERS

officers . In 1734 he took See also:

• DANZIG, or DANTSIC (Polish Gdansk)

Danzig, and with 1736 began the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns which made See also:

• MUNNICH, BURKHARD CHRISTOPH, COUNT (1683-1767)

Munnich's reputation as a soldier . Working along the shores of the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea from the See also:

• CRIMEA (ancient Tauris or Tauric Chersonese, called by the Russians by the Tatar name Krym or Crim)

Crimea, he took See also:

• OCHAKOV

Ochakov after a celebrated See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege in 1737, and in 1739 won the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Stavutschina, and took See also:

• KHOTIN, or KHOTEEN (variously written Khochim, Choczim, and Chocim)

Khotin (or Choczim), and established himself firmly in See also:

• MOLDAVIA

Moldavia . Marshal Munnich now began to take an active See also:

• PART

part in See also:

• POLITICAL

political affairs, the particular See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone of which was given by his rivalry with See also:

• BIRON, ARMAND DE GONTAUT, BARON DE (1524-1592)

Biron, or Bieren, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• COURLAND, or KURLAND

Courland . But his activity was brought to a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close by the revolution of 1741; he was arrested on his way to the frontier, and condemned to See also:

• DEATH

death . Brought out forexecution, and withdrawn from the See also:

• SCAFFOLD
• SCAFFOLD, SCAFFOLDING (from the O. Fr. escafaut, originally escafalt, modern echafaud, a corruption of the Italian or Spanish calafalco, a platform, especially a canopy over a bier, a catafalque; this word is composed of O. Span. altar, O. Ital. catare, t

scaffold, he was later sent to See also:

• SIBERIA

Siberia, where he remained fcr several years, until the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of Peter III. brought about his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release in 1762 . See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine II., who soon displaced Peter, employed the old field-marshal as director-general of the Baltic ports . He died in 1767 . Feldmarschall Munnich was a See also:

• FINE

fine soldier of the professional type, and many future commanders, notably Loudon and See also:

• LACY, FRANZ MORITZ, COUNT (1725-1801)
• LACY, HARRIETTE DEBORAH (1807-1874)
• LACY, MICHAEL ROPHINO (1795–1867)

Lacy, served their See also:

• APPRENTICESHIP (from Fr. apprendre, to learn)

apprenticeship at Ochakov and Khotin .

As a statesman he is regarded as the founder of Russian Philhellenism . He had the grade of count of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire . The Russian 37th Dragoons See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear his name . He wrote an Ebauche pour donner une idee de la forme de l'empire Russie (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1774), and his voluminous diaries have anpeared in various publications—Herrmann, Beitrage zur Geschichte See also:

• DES

des russischen Reichs (Leipzig, 1843) . See Hempel, Leben Miinnichs (See also:

• BREMEN

Bremen, 1742); Halem, Geschichte des F . M . Grafen Munnich (Oldenburg, 1803 ; 2nd ed., 1838) ; Kostomarov, Feldrrtarschall Munnich (Russische Geschichte in Biographien, v . 2) .