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SIR THOMAS MUNRO (1761-1827)

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 11 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SIR See also:THOMAS See also:MUNRO (1761-1827)  , Anglo-See also:Indian soldier and statesman, was See also:born at See also:Glasgow on the 27th of May 1761, the son of a See also:merchant . Educated at Glasgow University, he was at first intended to enter his See also:father's business, but in 1789 he was appointed to an See also:infantry cadetship in See also:Madras . He served with his See also:regiment during the hard-fought See also:war against Hyder See also:Ali (178o-83), and again in the first See also:campaign against Tippoo (1790-92) . He was then chosen as one of four military See also:officers to administer the Baramahal, See also:part of the territory acquired from Tippoo, where he remained for seven years, learning the principles of See also:revenue survey and See also:assessment which he afterwards applied throughout the See also:presidency of Madras . After the final downfall of Tippoo in 1799, he spent a See also:short See also:time restoring See also:order in See also:Kanara; and then for another seven years (1800-18o7) he was placed in See also:charge of the See also:northern districts " ceded " by the See also:nizam of See also:Hyderabad, where he introduced the ryotwari See also:system of See also:land revenue . After a See also:long furlough in See also:England, during which he gave valuable See also:evidence uponmatters connected with the renewal of the See also:company's See also:charter, he returned to Madras in 1814 with See also:special instructions to reform the judicial and See also:police systems . On the outbreak of the Pindari War in 1317, he was appointed as brigadier-See also:general to command the reserve See also:division formed to reduce the See also:southern territories of the See also:Peshwa . Of his See also:signal services on this occasion See also:Canning said in the See also:House of See also:Commons: " He went into the See also:field with not more than five or six See also:hundred men, of whom a very small See also:pro-portion were Europeans . . . . Nine forts were surrendered to him or taken by See also:assault on his way; and at the end of a silent and scarcely observed progress he emerged . . . leaving everything secure and tranquil behind him." In 182o he was appointed See also:governor of Madras, where he founded the systems of revenue assessment and general See also:administration which substantially remain to the See also:present See also:day . His See also:official minutes, published by See also:Sir A .

See also:

Arbuthnot, See also:form a See also:manual of experience and See also:advice for the See also:modern civilian . He died of See also:cholera on the 6th of See also:July 1827, while on tour in the " ceded " districts, where his name is preserved by more than one memorial . An equestrian statue of him, by See also:Chantrey, stands in Madras See also:city . See See also:biographies by G . R . See also:Gleig (183o), Sir A . Arbuthnot (1881) and J . See also:Bradshaw (1894) .

End of Article: SIR THOMAS MUNRO (1761-1827)
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