See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS See also:

• THOMAS MUNZER (c. 1489-1525)

MUNZER (c. 1489-1525)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German religious enthusiast, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• STOLBERG
• STOLBERG, FRIEDRICH LEOPOLD, GRAF ZU (1750-1819)

Stolberg in the Harz near the end of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and educated at See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig and See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort, graduating in See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . He held See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching appointments in various places, but his restless nature prevented him from remaining in one position for any length of See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . In 1520 he became a preacher at the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary, See also:

• ZWICKAU

Zwickau, and his See also:

• RUDE, FRANCOIS (1784–1855)

rude eloquence, together with his attacks on the monks, soon raised him to See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence . Aided by See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas Storch, he formed a society the principles of which were akin to those of the Taborites, and claimed that he was under the See also:

• DIRECT

direct influence of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Spirit . His zeal for the See also:

• PURIFICATION

purification of the Church by casting out all unbelievers brought him into conflict with the governing See also:

• BODY

body of the See also:

• TOWN

town, and he was compelled to leave Zwickau . He then went to See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague, where his preaching won numerous adherents, but his violent See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language brought about his See also:

• EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion from this See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city also . At See also:

• EASTER

Easter .1523 See also:

• MUNZER, THOMAS (c. 1489-1525)

Munzer came to Allstedt, and was soon appointed preacher at the church of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, where he made extensive alterations in the services . His violence, however, aroused the hostility of See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther, in See also:

• RETALIATION

retaliation for which Munzer denounced the See also:

• WITTENBERG

Wittenberg teaching . His preaching soon produced an uproar in Allstedt, and after holding his own for some time he See also:

• LEFT

left the town and went to See also:

• MUHLHAUSEN

Muhlhausen, where Heinrich See also:

• PFEIFFER
• PFEIFFER, FRANZ (1815—1868)

Pfeiffer was already preaching doctrines similar to his own . The See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union of Munzer and Pfeiffer caused a disturbance in this city and both were expelled . Munzer went to See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg, where he issued a See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing against Luther, who had been mainly instrumental in bringing about his expulsion from See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony . About this time his teaching became still more violent .

He denounced established governments, and advocated See also:

• COMMON

common ownership of the means of See also:

• LIFE

life . After a tour in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany he returned to Muhlhausen, overthrew the governing body of the city, and established a communistic See also:

• THEOCRACY (Gr. Oeoeparia, the rule of God, from Oebr, god, and -Kparca, Kpare v, to rule)

theocracy . The Peasants' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War had already broken out in various parts of Germany; and as the peasantry around Muhlhausen were imbued with Munzer's teaching, he collected a large body of men to See also:

• PLUNDER

plunder the surrounding See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . He established his See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp at See also:

• FRANKENHAUSEN

Frankenhausen; but on the 15th of May 1525 the peasants were dispersed by See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip, See also:

• LANDGRAVE (Ger. Landgraf, from Land, " a country" and Graf, "count" )

landgrave of See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

Hesse, who captured Munzer and executed him on the 27th at Muhlhausen . Before his See also:

• DEATH

death he is said to have written a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter admitting the See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice of his See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence . His Aussgetritckte Emplossung See also:

• DES

des falschen Glaubens has been edited by R . See also:

• JORDAN (the down-comer; Arab. esh-Sheri'a, the watering-place)
• JORDAN, CAMILLE (1771—1821)
• JORDAN, DOROTHEA (1762—1816)
• JORDAN, THOMAS (1612 ?–1685)
• JORDAN, WILHELM (1819–1904)

Jordan (MMuhlhausen, 19ot), and a life of Munzer, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Histori von Thome Miintzer des Anfengers der doringischen Uffrur, has been attributed to Philip See also:

• MELANCHTHON, FHILIPP (1497–155o)

Melanchthon (See also:

• HAGENAU

Hagenau, 1525) . See G . T . Strobel, Leben, Schriften and Lehren See also:

• THOMA, HANS (1839- )

Thoma Mii.ntzers (Nuremberg, 1795) ; J . K . Seidemann, See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Munzer (Leipzig, 1842); O .

Merx, Thomas Munzer and Heinrich Pfeiffer (See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen, 1889); G . Wolfrau, Thomas Miinzer in Allstedt (See also:

• JENA

Jena, 1852) .