THE See also:

• THE MUSES (Gr. Mo6o-at, the thinkers)

MUSES (Gr. Mo6o-at, the thinkers)  , in See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology, originally See also:

• NYMPHS

nymphs of springs, then goddesses of See also:

• SONG

song, and, later, of the different kinds of See also:

• POETRY

poetry and of the arts and sciences generally . In See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer, who says nothing definite as to their names or number, they are simply goddesses of song, who dwell among the gods on See also:

• OLYMPUS

Olympus, where they sing at their banquets under the leadership of See also:

• APOLLO (Gr. 'A2r6XXwv,'Airkkhwv)

Apollo Musagetes . According to See also:

• HESIOD

Hesiod (Theog . 77), who first gives the usually accepted names and number, they were the daughters of See also:

• ZEUS

Zeus and Mnemosyne, the personification of memory; others made them See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children of See also:

• URANUS
• URANUS (Heaven)

Uranus and Gaea . Three older See also:

• MUSES, THE (Gr. Mo6o-at, the thinkers)

Muses (Mneme, Melete, Aoide) were sometimes distinguished, whose See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship was said to have been introduced by the Aloidae on Mt See also:

• HELICON
• HELICON (Fr. helicon, bombardon circulaire; Ger. Helikon)

Helicon (See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias ix . 29) . It is probable that three was the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original number of the Muses, which was increased to nine owing to their arrangement in three See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of three in the sacred choruses . See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round the See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar of Zeus they sing of the origin of the See also:

• WORLD

world, of gods and men, of the glorious deeds of Zeus; they also See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour the See also:

• GREAT

great heroes; and celebrate the marriages of See also:

• CADMUS

Cadmus and See also:

• PELEUS

Peleus, and the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• ACHILLES
• ACHILLES (Gr. 'AxtXXeus)

Achilles . As goddesses of song they protect those who recognize their superiority, but punish the arrogant—such as Thamyris, the Thracian See also:

• BARD

bard, who for having boasted himself their equal was deprived of sight and the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of song . From their connexion with Apollo and their original nature as inspiring nymphs of springs they also possess the See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of prophecy . They are closely related to See also:

• DIONYSUS (probably = " son of Zeus," from & Os and vv(7os, a Thracian word for " son ")

Dionysus, to whose festivals dramatic poetry owed its origin and development . The worship of the Muses had two See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief seats—on the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern slope of Mt Olympus in Pieria, and on the slope of Mt Helicon near Ascra and See also:

• THESPIAE

Thespiae in See also:

• BOEOTIA

Boeotia .

Their favourite haunts were the springs of See also:

• CASTALIA, or FONS CASTALIUS

Castalia, Aganippe and See also:

• HIPPOCRENE (the " fountain of the horse," ii 'lrrov tcpitvrl)

Hippocrene . From Boeotia their cult gradually spread over See also:

• GREECE

Greece . As the goddesses who presided over the nine See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal departments of letters, their names and attributes were: See also:

• CALLIOPE

Calliope, epic poetry (See also:

• WAX

wax tablet and See also:

• PENCIL (Lat. penicillus, brush, literally little tail)

pencil); Euterpe, lyric poetry (the See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double See also:

• FLUTE

flute); Erato, erotic poetry (a small See also:

• LYRE (Gr. Xupa)

lyre); Melpomene, tragedy (tragic See also:

• MASK (Fr. masque, apparently from med. Lat. mascus, masca, spectre, through Ital. maschera, Span. mascara)

mask and See also:

• IVY (A.S. ifig, Ger. Epheu, perhaps connected with apium, anent)

ivy See also:

• WREATH (O. Eng. wry, from wriian, to twist)

wreath); Thalia, See also:

• COMEDY

comedy (comic mask and ivy wreath); Polyhymnia (or Polymnia), sacred See also:

• HYMNS

hymns (veiled, and in an attitude of thought); Terpsichore, choral song and the See also:

• DANCE
• DANCE (Fr. danse; of obscure origin, connected with Old High Ger. danson, to stretch)

dance (the lyre); Clio, See also:

• HISTORY

history (a See also:

• SCROLL

scroll); Urania, See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy (a See also:

• CELESTIAL, OR STELLAR

celestial globe) . To these See also:

• ARETHUSA

Arethusa was added as the muse of See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

pastoral poetry . The See also:

• ROMAN

Roman poets identified the Greek Muses with the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian Camenae (or Casmenae), prophetic nymphs of springs and goddesses of See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, who possessed a See also:

• GROVE (O.E. graf, cf. O.E. gr(efa, brushwood, later" greave "; the word does not appear in any other Teutonic language, and the New English Dictionary finds no Indo-European root to which it can be referred; Skeat considers it connected with " grave," to
• GROVE, SIR GEORGE (182o-1900)
• GROVE, SIR WILLIAM ROBERT (1811-1896)

grove near the Porta See also:

• CAPENA

Capena at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . One of the most famous of these was See also:

• EGERIA

Egeria, the counsellor of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Numa . See H . Deiters, Ueber See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Verehrung der Musen bei den Griechen (1868); P . Decharme, See also:

• LES

Les Muses (1869); J . H . See also:

• KRAUSE, KARL CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1781—1832)

Krause, Die Musen (1871) ; F . Rodiger, Die Musen (1875); O .

See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre in Daremberg and Saglio's Dictionnaire See also:

• DES

des antiquites, and O . Bie in See also:

• ROSCHER, WILHELM GEORG FRIEDRICH (1817–1894)

Roscher's Lexikon der Mythologic, the latter chiefly for representations of the Muses in See also:

• ART

art .