See also:

• MUSK (Med. Lat. muscus, late Gr. µbvXos, possibly Pers. mushk, from Sansk. mushka, the scrotum)

MUSK (Med. See also:

• LAT

Lat. muscus, See also:

• LATE

late Gr. µbvXos, possibly Pers. mushk, from Sansk. mushka, the scrotum)  , the name originally given to a perfume obtained from the strong-smelling substance secreted in a gland by the See also:

• MUSK (Med. Lat. muscus, late Gr. µbvXos, possibly Pers. mushk, from Sansk. mushka, the scrotum)

musk-See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

deer (q.v.), and hence applied to other animals, and also to See also:

• PLANTS

plants, possessing a similar odour . The variety which appears in See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce is a secretion of the musk-deer; but the odour is also emitted by the musk-ox and musk-See also:

• RAT (a word common to Teut. and Rom. languages; probably first adopted in Teut.; the ultimate origin is not known; Skeat suggests the root rad-, to scratch; cf. Ger. Ratte, Dan. rotte, Fr. rat, &c.)

rat of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India and See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, by the musk-See also:

• DUCK

duck (Biziura lobata) of See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia, the musk-See also:

• SHREW

shrew, the musk-See also:

• BEETLE (O. Eng. bityl; connected with " bite ")

beetle (Calichroma moschata), the See also:

• ALLIGATOR (Spanish el lagarto, " the lizard ")

alligator of Central See also:

• AMERICA

America, and by several other animals . In the See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom it is See also:

• PRESENT

present in the See also:

• COMMON

common musk (See also:

• MIMULUS

Mimulus moschatus), the musk-See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood of the Guianas and West Indies (Guarea, spp.), and in the seeds of Hibiscus Abelmoschus (musk-seeds) . To obtain the perfume from the musk-deer the See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal is killed and the gland completely removed, and dried, either in the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun, on a hot See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, or by See also:

• IMMERSION (Lat. immersio, dipping),

immersion in hot oil . It appears in commerce as " musk in pod," i.e. the glands are entire, or as " musk in See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain," in which the perfume has been extracted from its receptacle . Three kinds are recognized ! (I) Tong-See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese or Tibetan, imported from See also:

• CHINA

China, the most valued; (2) See also:

• ASSAM

Assam or See also:

• NEPAL, NEPAUL

Nepal, less valuable; and (3) Karbardin or See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian (Siberian), imported from Central See also:

• ASIA

Asia by way of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, the least valuable and hardly admitting of See also:

• ADULTERATION
• ADULTERATION (from Lat. adulterare, to defile or falsify)

adulteration . The Tong-king musk is exported in small, gaudily decorated caddies with See also:

• TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin or See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead linings, wherein the perfume is sealed down; it is now usually transmitted See also:

• DIRECT

direct by See also:

• PARCEL (Fr. parcelle, Ital. particella, Lat. particela, diminutive of pars, part)

parcel See also:

• POST

post to the See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant . See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good musk is of a dark purplish See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, dry, smooth and unctuous to the See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch, and See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter in See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste . It dissolves in boiling See also:

• WATER

water to the extent of about one-See also:

• HALF

half; See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol takes up one-third of the substance, and See also:

• ETHER, (C2H5)2O

ether and See also:

• CHLOROFORM (trichlor-methane), CHC13

chloroform dissolve still less . grain of musk will distinctly See also:

• SCENT

scent millions of cubic feet of See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air without any appreciable loss of See also:

• WEIGHT

weight, and its scent is not only more penetrating but more persistent than that of any other known substance . In addition to its odoriferous principle, it contains See also:

• AMMONIA (NH3)

ammonia, cholesterin, fatty See also:

• MATTER

matter, a bitter resinous substance, and other animal principles .

As a material in See also:

• PERFUMERY (Lat. per, through, and fumare, to smoke)

perfumery it is of the first importance, its powerful and enduring odour giving strength and permanency to the vegetable essences, so that it is an ingredient in many compounded perfumes . Artificial musk is a synthetic product, having a similar odour to natural musk . It was obtained by See also:

• BAUR, FERDINAND CHRISTIAN (1792-1860)

Baur in 1888 by condensing See also:

• TOLUENE, or METHYLBENZENE

toluene with isobutyl bromide in the presence of See also:

• ALUMINIUM (symbol Al; atomic weight 27.0)

aluminium chloride, and nitrating the product . It is a symtrinitro-+h-butyl toluene . Many similar preparations have been made, and it appears that the odour depends upon the symmetry of the three nitro See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups . MUSK-DEER (See also:

• MOSCHUS

Moschus moschiferus), an aberrant member of the deer See also:

• FAMILY

family constituting the sub-family Cervidae Moschinae(see DEER) . Both sexes are devoid of antler appendage; but in this the musk-deer agrees with one genus of true deer (Hydrelaphus), and as in the latter, the upper canine See also:

• TEETH (O.E. Eel); plural of tooth, O.E. top)

teeth of the See also:

• MALES

males are See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and sabre-like, projecting below the See also:

• CHIN

chin, with the ends turned somewhat backwards . In See also:

• SIZE

size the musk-deer is rather less than the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• ROE (or Row), SIR THOMAS (c. 1581—1644)
• ROE, EDWARD PAYSON (1838-1888)

roe-deer, being about 20 in. high at the See also:

• SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

shoulder . Its limbs, especially the hinder pair, are long; and the feet remarkable for the See also:

• GREAT

great development of the lateral pair of hoofs and for the freedom of See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion The Musk-deer (Moschus moschiferus) . they all present, which must be of assistance to the animal in steadying it in its agile See also:

• BOUNDS, BEATING THE

bounds among the crags of its native haunts . The ears are large, and the tail rudimentary . The See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair covering the See also:

• BODY

body is long, coarse, and of a peculiarly brittle and See also:

• PITH (O.E. pitca, cognate with Du. pit, kernel of a nut)

pith-like See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, breaking easily; it is generally of a greyish-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown colour, sometimes inclined to yellowish-red, and often variegated with lighter patches .

The musk-deer inhabits the See also:

• FOREST

forest districts in the See also:

• HIMALAYA

Himalaya as far west as See also:

• GILGIT

Gilgit, always, however, at great elevations—being rarely found in summer below 8000 ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level, and ranging as high as the limits of the thickets of See also:

• BIRCH
• BIRCH (Betula)
• BIRCH, SAMUEL (1813–1885)
• BIRCH, THOMAS (1705-1766)

birch, See also:

• RHODODENDRON

rhododendron and See also:

• JUNIPER

juniper, among which it mostly conceals itself in the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day-See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . The range extends into See also:

• TIBET, or THIBET

Tibet, See also:

• SIBERIA

Siberia and See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-western China; but the musk-deer of Kansu has been separated as a distinct See also:

• SPECIES

species, under the name of M. sifanicus . Musk-deer are See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

hardy, solitary and retiring animals, chiefly nocturnal in habits, and almost always found alone, rarely in pairs and never in herds . They are exceedingly active and surefooted, having perhaps no equal in traversing rocks and precipitous ground; and they feed on See also:

• MOSS

moss, grass, and leaves of the plants which grow on the mountains . Most mammals have certain portions of the skin specially modified and provided with glands secreting odorous and fatty substances characteristic of the particular species . The See also:

• SPECIAL

special gland of the musk-deer, which has made the animal so well known, and has proved the cause of unremitting persecution to its possessor, is found in the male only, and is a See also:

• SAC

sac about the size of a small See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

orange, situated beneath the skin of the See also:

• ABDOMEN (a Latin word, either from abdere, to hide, or from a form adipomen, from adeps, fat)

abdomen, the orifice being immediately in front of the preputial See also:

• APERTURE (from Lat. aperire, to open)

aperture . The secretion with which the sac is filled is dark brown or See also:

• CHOCOLATE

chocolate in colour, and when fresh of the consistence of " moist gingerbread," but becoming dry and granular after keeping (see See also:

• MUSIC

Music) . The Kansu (M. sifanicus) differs from the typical species in having longer ears, which are See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black on the See also:

• OUTER

outer See also:

• SURFACE

surface .