MUTINY  .) The Mutiny sealed the See also:

• FATE

fate of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India See also:

• COMPANY

company, after a See also:

• LIFE

life of more than two and a See also:

• HALF

half centuries . The See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act for the Better See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government of India (1858), which finally transferred the entire See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration from the company to the See also:

• CROWN

crown, was not passed without an eloquent protest from the See also:

• DIRECTORS

directors, nor without acrimonious party discussion in See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . It enacts that India shall be governed by, and in the name of, the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England through a See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal secretary of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, assisted by a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council . The See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general received the new See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy . The See also:

• EUROPEAN

European troops of the company, numbering about 24,000 See also:

• OFFICERS

officers and men, were amalgamated with the royal service, and the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• NAVY

navy was abolished . By the Indian See also:

• COUNCILS

Councils Act 1861 the governor-general's council and also the councils at See also:

• MADRAS

Madras and Bombay were augmented by the addition of non-See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official members, either natives or Europeans, for legislative purposes only; and by another act passed in the same See also:

• YEAR

year high courts of judicature were constituted out of the existing See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

Transfer to the Crown . It See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell to the See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

lot of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• CANNING, CHARLES JOHN, EARL (1812-1862)
• CANNING, GEORGE (1770-1827)

Canning both to suppress the Mutiny and to introduce the peaceful revolution . that followed . As regards his See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of the former See also:

• PART

part of his duties, it is sufficient to say that he- preserved his equanimity undisturbed in the darkest See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours of peril, and that the strict impartiality of his conduct incurred alternate praise and blame from the fanatics on either See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side . The epithet then scornfully applied to him of "Clemency" Canning is now remembered only to his See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . On See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1, 1858, at a See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• DURBAR

durbar held at See also:

• ALLAHABAD

Allahabad the royal See also:

• PROCLAMATION (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement)

proclamation was published which announced that the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen had assumed the government of India . This document, which has been called the Magna Charta of the Indian See also:

• PEOPLE

people, went on to explain the policy of See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice and religious See also:

• TOLERATION (from Lat. tolerare, to endure)

toleration which it was her royal See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure to pursue, and granted an See also:

• AMNESTY (from the Gr. &µvrly-ria, oblivion)

amnesty to all except those who had directly taken part in the See also:

• MURDER

murder of See also:

• BRITISH

British subjects, See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

Peace was See also:

• PRO

pro-claimed throughout India on the 8th of See also:

• JULY

July 1859; and in the following See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season Lord Canning made a , viceregal progress through the upper provinces, to receive the See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage of loyal princes and chiefs, and to See also:

• GUARANTEE (sometimes spelt " guarantie " or " guaranty "; an O. Fr. form of " warrant," from the Teutonic word which appears in German as wahren, to defend or make safe and binding)

guarantee to them the right of See also:

• ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption . The suppression of the Mutiny increased the See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt of India by about 40 millions See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling, and the military changes that ensued augmented the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• EXPENDITURE

expenditure by about Io millions .

To grapple with this deficit, See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
• WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
• WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
• WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
• WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
• WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
• WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
• WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
• WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
• WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
• WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
• WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
• WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
• WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
• WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )

Wilson was sent out from the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury as See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial member of council . He reorganized the customs See also:

• SYSTEM

system, imposed an income tax and See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty and created a state See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper currency . The penal See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code, originally See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up by See also:

• MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY, BARON (1800-1859)

Macaulay in 1837, passed into See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law in 186m, together with codes of See also:

• CIVIL

civil and criminal See also:

• PROCEDURE (Fr. procedure, from Lat. procedere, to go for-ward)

procedure . Lord Canning See also:

• LEFT

left India in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1862, and died before he had been a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month in England . His successor, Lord See also:

• ELGIN

Elgin, only lived till November 1863, when he too fell a victim to the excessive See also:

• WORK

work of the governor-generalship, dying at the Himalayan station of See also:

• DHARMSALA

Dharmsala, where he lies buried . He was succeeded by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence, the saviour of the See also:

• PUNJAB

Punjab . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief incidents of his administration were the See also:

• BHUTAN

Bhutan See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war and the terrible See also:

• ORISSA

Orissa See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine of 1866 . Lord See also:

• MAYO
• MAYO, RICHARD SOUTHWELL BOURKE, 6TH EARL OF (1822-1872)

Mayo, who succeeded him in 1869, carried on the permanent British policy of moral and material progress with a See also:

• SPECIAL

special degree of See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy . The See also:

• UMBALLA

Umballa durbar, at which ' Shere See also:

• ALI

Ali was recognized as See also:

• AMIR, or AMEER (an Arabic word meaning " commander," from the root amr, " commanding ")

amir of See also:

• AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan, though in one sense the completion of what Lord Lawrence had begun, owed much of its success to the personal See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Lord Mayo himself . The same quality, combined with sympathy and firmness, stood him in See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• STEAD, WILLIAM THOMAS (1849– )

stead in all. his dealings both with native chiefs and European officials; His example of hard work stimulated all to their best . While engaged in exploring with his Own eyes the furthest corners of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, he fell by the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of an See also:

• ASSASSIN (properly Hashish n, from Hashish, the opiate made from the juice of hemp leaves)

assassin in the convict See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of the Andaman islands in 1872 . His successor :Was Lord See also:

• NORTHBROOK, THOMAS GEORGE BARING, 1ST EARL OF (1826-1904)

Northbrook; whose ability showed' itself chiefly in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• FINANCE

finance .

During the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of his administration a famine in See also:

• LOWER

Lower See also:

• BENGAL
• BENGAL, BAY OF

Bengal in 1874 was successfully obviated by government See also:

• RELIEF

relief and public See also:

• WORKS

works, though at an enormous cost; the See also:

• GAEKWAR, or GUICOWAR

gaekwar of See also:

• BARODA

Baroda was dethroned in 1875 for misgovernment and disloyalty, while his dominions were continued to a nominated See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child of the See also:

• FAMILY

family; and the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales (See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VII.) visited the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in the cold season of 1875-I$76 . Lord See also:

• LYTTON, EDWARD GEORGE EARLE LYTTON, BULWERLYTTON, 1ST BARON (1803-1873)
• LYTTON, EDWARD ROBERT

Lytton followed Lord Northbrook in 1876 . On the 1st Of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1897 Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria was proclaimed empress of India at a durbar of See also:

• GREAT

great magnificence, held on the historic "See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

Ridge" overlooking the See also:

• MOGUL, MOCHAL, or MIGHAL

Mogul See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital See also:

• DELHI, DEHLI

Delhi . But, while the princes and high officials of the country were flocking to this gorgeous See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene, the See also:

• SHADOW (0. Eng. Schadewe, sceadu; a form of " shade "; connected with Gr. 6-Ore's, darkness)

shadow of famine was already darkening over the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of India . Both the monsoons of 1876 had failed to bring their due See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply of See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain, and the season of 1877 was little 'better .