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NAGYSZEBEN (Ger. Hermannstadt, Rumani...

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 152 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NAGYSZEBEN (Ger. Hermannstadt, Rumanian Sibiu)  , a
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town of Hungary, in Transylvania, the capital of the county of Szeben, 122 M . S.S.E. of Kolozsvar by
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rail . Pop . (r9oo) 26,077, of whom 16,141 were
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Saxons (Germans), 7106 Rumanians, and 5747
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Magyars . It is beautifully situated at an altitude of 1411 ft. in the fertile valley of the Cibin (Hungarian, Szeben), encircled or, all sides by the Transylvanian
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Alps . It is the seat of a Greek Orthodox (Rumanian) archbishop, and of the superintendent of the Protestants for the Transylvanian circle . Some parts of Nagyszeben have a
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medieval appearance, with houses built in the old German style . The most noteworthy of its public buildings is the handsome
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Protestant Church, begun in the 14th century and finished in 1520, in the
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Gothic style, containing a beautiful cup-shaped font, cast by Meister Leonhardus in 1438, and a large mural
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painting of the Crucifixion by Johannes von Rosenau (1445) . In the so-called New Church, comprising the west
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part of the whole
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building, which is an addition of the 16th century, are many beautiful memorials of Saxon notables . Other buildings are: the
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Roman Catholic parish church, founded in 1726; the church of the Ursuline nuns, built in 1474; the town hall, an imposing building of the 15th century,
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purchased by the
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municipality in 1545 and containing the archives of the " Saxon nation." The Brukenthal palace, built in 1777-1787 by Baron
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Samuel von Brukenthal (1721-1803), governor of Transylvania, contains an interesting picture-gallery with good examples of the Dutch school, and a library . The museum contains a natural
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history section with the
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complete
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fauna and
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flora of Transylvania, and a rich ethnographical section . Nagyszeben has a law academy, a seminary for Greek Orthodox priests, a military academy and several secondary
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schools .

There are manufactures of

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cloth,
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linen, leather, caps, boots,
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soap, candles, ropes, as well as breweries and distilleries . The German name of the town is traceable to Hermann, a citizen of Nuremberg, who about the
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middle of the 12th century established a colony on the spot . In the 13th century it
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bore the name of
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Villa Hermanni . Under the last monarchs of the native Magyar dynasty Hermannstadt enjoyed exceptional privileges, and its commerce with the East rose to importance . In the course of the 15th and 16th centuries it was several times besieged by the
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Turks . At the beginning of 1849 it was the scene of several engagements between the Austrians and Hungarians; and later in the
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year it was several times taken and retaken by the Russians and Hungarians .

End of Article: NAGYSZEBEN (Ger. Hermannstadt, Rumanian Sibiu)
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