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BARONESS CAROLINA NAIRNE (1766-1845)

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 155 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BARONESS CAROLINA See also:

NAIRNE (1766-1845)  , Scottish See also:song writer, was See also:born in the " auld hoose " of Gask, See also:Perthshire, on the r6th of See also:August 1766 . She was descended from an old See also:family which had settled in Perthshire in the 13th See also:century, and could boast of kinship with the royal See also:race of See also:Scotland . Her See also:father, Laurence See also:Oliphant, was one of the foremost supporters of the Jacobite cause, and she was named Carolina in memory of See also:Prince See also:Charles See also:Edward . In the schoolroom she was known as " See also:pretty See also:Miss See also:Car," and afterwards her striking beauty and pleasing See also:manners earned for her the name of the " See also:Flower of Strathearn." In 18o6 she married W . M . See also:Nairne, who became See also:Baron Nairne (see below) in 1824 . Following the example set by See also:Burns in the Scots Musical Museum, she undertook to bring out a collection of See also:national airs set to appropriate words . To the collection she contributed a large number of See also:original songs, adopting the See also:signature " B . B."—" Mrs Bogan of Bogan." The See also:music was edited by R . A . See also:Smith, and the collection was published at See also:Edinburgh under the name of the Scottish See also:Minstrel (1821-1824) . After her See also:husband's See also:death in 183o See also:Lady Nairne took up her See also:residence at Enniskerry, Co .

See also:

Wicklow, but she spent much See also:time abroad . She died at Gask on the 26th of See also:October 1845 . Her songs may be classed under three heads: (1) those illustrative of the characters and manners of the old Scottish gentry, such as " The See also:Laird o' Cockpen," " The See also:Fife Laird," and " See also:John See also:Tod "; (2) Jacobite songs, composed for the most See also:part to gratify her kinsman See also:Robertson, the aged See also:chief of Strowan, among the best known of which are perhaps " Wha '11 be See also:King but Charlie ? " " Charlie is my See also:darling," " The See also:Hundred Pipers," " He's owre the Hills," and " Bonnie Charlie's noo awa "; and (3) songs not included under the above heads, ranging over a variety of subjects from " Caller Herrin' " to the " See also:Land o' the See also:pink crystals of See also:orthoclase, has been employed as a See also:building See also:stone . On the denuded See also:surface of the See also:schists the Old Red See also:Sandstone was deposited and formerly doubtless covered most of the See also:county; outlying patches still remain near Drynachan See also:Lodge and near Highland Boath in Mackie See also:Burn . The See also:Lower Old Red rocks are basal breccias followed by shales with calcareous nodules containing fossil See also:fish . The Upper Old Red, which is found usually nearer the See also:coast, is unconformable on the Lower See also:series; it consists of red shales and See also:clays and obliquely bedded sandstones . Glacial deposits are widely spread; they comprise a Lower See also:Boulder See also:Clay, a series of gravels and sands, followed by an Upper . Boulder Clay, above which comes a series of See also:gravel deposits forming ridges on the See also:moor-land between the See also:Nairn and Findhorn See also:rivers . A See also:fine See also:kame, resting on the See also:plain of See also:sand and gravel, lies between Meikle Kildrummie and See also:Loch Flemington, See also:south of the railway . Traces of the old marine terraces at toe ft., .50 ft. and 25 ft. are found near the coast, as well as considerable accumulations of blown sand . See also:Climate and See also:Industries.—The climate is healthy and equable .

The temperature for the See also:

year averages 47° F., for See also:January 38° F., and for See also:July, 58° F . The mean See also:annual rainfall is 25 in . The See also:soil of the alluvial plain, or Laigh, is See also:light and porous and careful cultivation has rendered it very fertile; and there is some See also:rich land on the Findhorn . Although the most advanced methods of See also:agriculture are in use, but a small proportion of the surface is capable of tillage, only one-fifth of the whole See also:area being under crops . The hills are mostly covered with See also:heath and pasture, suitable for See also:sheep, and See also:cattle are kept on the lower lying ground . The county accords many facilities for See also:sport . A few distilleries, some sandstone and See also:granite quarries and the See also:sea and See also:salmon See also:fisheries of the Nairn practically represent The industries of the See also:shire, apart from agriculture . The Highland Railway from See also:Forres to See also:Inverness crosses the See also:north of the shire . See also:Population and See also:Government.—In 1891 the population numbered 9155 and in 1901 it was 9291, or 57 persons to the sq. m . Besides the county See also:town of Nairn (pop . 5089), there are the parishes of Ardclach (pop . 772), and Auldearn (pop. of See also:parish 1292, of See also:village 313) .

Phoenix-squares

Nairn and See also:

Elgin shires combine to return one member to See also:parliament, and the county town belongs to the Inverness See also:district See also:group of See also:parliamentary burghs (Forres, See also:Fortrose, Inverness and Nairn) . The shire forms a sheriffdom with Inverness and Elgin and a See also:sheriff-substitute sits alternately at Nairn and Elgin . See also:History.—The See also:country was originally peopled by the Gaelic or See also:northern Picts . Stone circles believed to have been raised Leal." For vivacity, genuine pathos and See also:bright wit her songs are surpassed only by those of Burns . Lady Nairne's husband, See also:William See also:Murray Nairne (1757–183o) . He was descended from See also:Sir See also:Robert Nairne of Strathord (c . 162o-1683), a supporter of Charles II., who was created Baron Nairne in 1681 . After his death without issue the See also:barony passed to his son-in-See also:law, See also:Lord William Murray (c . 1665–1726), the husband of his only daughter See also:Margaret (1669–1747) and a younger son of John Murray, 1st See also:marquess of Athole . William, who took the name of Nairne and became and Baron Nairne, joined the See also:standard of the See also:Jacobites in 1715; he was taken prisoner at the See also:battle of See also:Preston and was sentenced to death . He was, however, pardoned, but his See also:title was forfeited . His son John (c .

1691–1770), who but for this See also:

forfeiture would have been the 3rd Baron Nairne, was also taken prisoner at Preston, but he was soon set at See also:liberty . In the rising of 1745 he was one of the Jacobite leaders, being See also:present at the battles of See also:Prestonpans, of See also:Falkirk and of See also:Culloden, and consequently he was attainted in 1946; but escaped to See also:France . His son John (d . 1782) was the father of William Murray Nairne, who, being restored to the barony of Nairne in 1824, became the 5th baron . The male See also:line became See also:extinct when his son William, the 6th baron (1808–1837), died unmarried . The next See also:heir was a See also:cousin, Margaret, Baroness See also:Keith of See also:Stonehaven Marischal (1788–1867), wife of Auguste Charles See also:Joseph, See also:comte de Flahaut de la Billarderie, but she did not claim the title . In 1874, however, the right of her daughter, the wife of the 4th marquess of See also:Lansdowne, was allowed by the See also:House of Lords . For Lady Nairne's songs, see See also:Lays from Strathearn, arranged with Symphonies and Accompaniments for the See also:Pianoforte by See also:Finlay Dun (1846) ; vol. i. of the See also:Modern Scottish Minstrel (185g); See also:Life and Songs of the Baroness Nairne, with a Memoir and Poems of See also:Caroline Oliphant the Younger, edited by Charles See also:Rogers (1869, new ed . 1886) . See also T . L . Kington-Oliphant, Jacobite Lairds of Cask (1870) .

End of Article: BARONESS CAROLINA NAIRNE (1766-1845)
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