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NARBONNE , a city ofSee also: France, capital of an arrondissement in the department of See also: Aude, situated in a See also: vine-growing plain 5 M. from the Mediterranean, on the railway from Toulouse to See also: Cette, 37 M
.
E. of See also: Carcassonne
.
Pop
.
(1906) 23,289
.
The Robine canal, a branch of the Canal du Midi, divides Narbonne into two distinct portions, the bourg and the cite
.
The latter is one of the See also: oldest and most interesting of French towns
.
The former See also: cathedral (St Just), which consists only of a choir 130 ft. high and transept, was begun in 1272, and the transept was still unfinished at the end of the 15th century
.
The towers (194 ft. high) at each extremity of the transept were built about 1480
.
Some additions towards the west were made early in the 18th century
.
An unusual effect is produced by a See also: double See also: row of, crenellation taking the place of balustrades on the roof of the choir chapels and connecting the pillars of the flying buttresses
.
Among the sepulchral monuments, which are the chief feature of the interior, may be noticed the alabaster See also: tomb of See also: Cardinal Guillaume Briconnet, See also: minister of See also: state under See also: Charles VIII
.
The chapter-
See also: house, of the 15th century, has a vaulted roof supported on four See also: free pillars
.
The See also: treasury preserves many interesting See also: relics
.
The apse of the cathedral was formerly joined to the fortifications of the archiepiscopal palace, and the two buildings are still connected by a mutilated cloister of the ,4th and 15th centuries
.
On the front of the palace are three square towers of unequal height
.
Between the Tour See also: des Telegraphes (1318), crenellated and turreted at the corners, and that of St See also: Martial (1374), machicolated and pierced by See also: Gothic openings, a new See also: facade was erected in the See also: style of the 13th century after the plans of See also: Viollet-le-Duc
.
This portion of the See also: building now serves as hotel de ville, and its upper stories are occupied by the Narbonne museum of See also: art and archaeology, which includes a See also: fine collection of pottery
.
The palace garden also contains many fragments of See also: Roman See also: work once built into the now dismantled fortifications; and the Musee Lapidaire in the Lamourguier buildings (formerly the See also: church of a
See also: Benedictine convent) has a collection of Roman remains derived from the same source
.
The church of St See also: Paul, though partly Romanesque, is in the See also: main striking, and for the See also: south of France a rare example of a building of the first See also: half of the 13th century in the Gothic style of the See also: north
.
It possesses some See also: ancient Christian sarcophagi and fine See also: Renaissance See also: wood See also: carving
.
Narbonne has a sub-prefecture, tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a See also: board of See also: trade arbitration, a chamber of commerce, a communal See also: college for boys and a school of commerce and industry
.
It has a See also: good trade in See also: wine andspirituous liquors, and is famous for its honey
.
The See also: industries include See also: cooperage,
See also: sulphur-refining, See also: brandy-distilling and the manufacture of bricks and tiles and See also: verdigris
.
Long before the Roman invasion of See also: Gaul Narbonne was a flourishing city, being capital of the See also: Volcae Tectosages
.
It was there that the See also: Romans in 118 a.c. founded their first colony in Gaul, which See also: bore the name of Narbo Martius; they constructed See also: great See also: works to protect the city from inundation and to improve its See also: port, situated on a lake now filled up but at that See also: time communicating with the See also: sea
.
Capital of Gallia Narbonensis, the seat of a proconsul and a station for the Roman See also: fleet, Narbo Martius became the See also: rival of Massilia
.
But in A.D
.
150 it suffered greatly from a conflagration, and the division of Gallia Narbonensis into two provinces lessened its importance as a capital
.
Alans, Suevi, See also: Vandals, each held the city for a brief space, and at last, in 413, it was occupied by the Visigoths, whose capital it afterwards became
.
In 719, after a siege of two years, it was captured by the See also: Saracens, and by them its fortifications were restored and extended
.
Charles Martel, after the See also: battle of See also: Poitiers, and See also: Pippin the See also: Short, in 752, were both repulsed from its walls; but on a new attempt, after an investment of seven years, and by aid of a traitor, the Franks managed again to force their way into Narbonne
.
Charlemagne made the city the capital of the duchy of Gothia, and divided it into three lordships—one for the See also: bishop, another for a Frankish See also: lord, and the third for the Jews, who, occupying their own quarter, possessed See also: schools, synagogues and a university famous in the See also: middle ages
.
The viscounts who succeeded the Frankish lord sometimes acknowledged the authority of the See also: counts of Toulouse, sometimes that of the counts of See also: Barcelona
.
In the 13th century the crusade against the Albigenses spared the city, but the archbishopric,was seized by the See also: pope's See also: legate, See also: Arnaud Amaury, who took the title of viscount of Narbonne
.
See also: Simon de Montfort, however, deprived him of this dignity, receiving from See also: Philip
See also: Augustus the duchy of Narbonne along with the county of Toulouse
.
By his expulsion of the Jews Philip the See also: Fair hastened the decay of the city; and about the same See also: period the Aude, which had formerly been diverted by the Romans, ceased to flow towards Narbonne and the harbour was silted up, to the further disadvantage of the place
.
In 1642 See also: Henri See also: Marquis de Cinq-See also: Mars was arrested at Narbonne for conspiring against See also: Richelieu
.
See also: United to the French See also: crown in 1507, Narbonne was enclosed by a new See also: line of walls under See also: Francis I., but having ceased to be a garrison See also: town it had the last portions of its ramparts demolished in 1870
.
The archbishopric was founded about the middle of the 3rd century, its first holder being See also: Sergius Paulus; it was suppressed in 1790
.
NARBONNE-See also: LARA, See also: LOUIS
See also: MARIE JACQUES AMALRIC, COMTE DE (1755-1813), French soldier and diplomatist, wal,See also: born at Colorno, in the duchy of See also: Parma, on the 24th of See also: August 1755
.
He was the son of one of the ladies-in-waiting of See also: Elizabeth, duchess of Parma, and his
See also: father was either a See also: Spanish nobleman or—as has been alleged—Louis XV. himself
.
.He was brought up at See also: Versailles with the princesses of France, and was made colonel at the age of twenty-five
.
He became marechal-decamp in 1791, and, through the influence of Madame de See also: Stael, was appointed minister of war
.
But he showed incapacity in this See also: post, gave in his resignation, and joined the Army of the North
.
Incurring suspicion as a Feuillant and also by his policy at the war office, he emigrated after the loth of August 1792, visited See also: England, See also: Switzerland and See also: Germany, and returned to France in 1801
.
In 1809 he re-entered the army as general of division, and was subsequently minister plenipotentiary at See also: Munich and aide de See also: camp to See also: Napoleon
.
In 1813 he was appointed French ambassador at Vienna, where he was engaged in an unequal See also: diplomatic duel with Metternich (q.v.) during the fateful months that witnessed the defection of See also: Austria from the cause of Napoleon to that of the See also: Allies
.
He died at See also: Torgau, in See also: Saxony, on the 17th of See also: November 1813
.
See A . F . See also: Villemain, Souvenirs contemporains (See also: Paris, 1854)
.
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