NASSAU  , a territory of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, now forming the bulk of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• WIESBADEN

Wiesbaden, in the Prussian See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

Hesse-Nassau, but until 1866 an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent and See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign duchy of Germany . It consists of a compact See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of territory, 1830 sq. m. in See also:

• AREA

area, bounded on the S. and W. by the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

Main and See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, on the N. by See also:

• WESTPHALIA (Ger. Westfalen)
• WESTPHALIA, TREATY OF

Westphalia and on the E. by Hesse . This territory is divided into two nearly equal parts by the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• LAHN

Lahn, which flows from See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east to See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west into the Rhine . The See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• HALF

half is almost entirely occupied by the See also:

• TAUNUS

Taunus Mountains, which attain a height of 2900 ft. in the See also:

• GREAT

Great Feldberg, while to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the Lahn is the barren Westerwald, culminating in the Salzburgerkopf (2000 ft.) . The valleys and See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low-lying districts, especially the Rheingau, are very fertile, producing abundance of See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain, See also:

• FLAX

flax, See also:

• HEMP (in O. Eng. henep, cf. Dutch hennep, Ger. Hanf , cognate with Gr. Kavval3er, Lat. cannabis)

hemp and See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit; but by far the most valuable product of the See also:

• SOIL

soil is its See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, which includes several of the choicest Rhenish varieties, such as Johannisberger, Marcobrunner and Assmannshauser . Nassau is one of the most thickly wooded regions in Germany, about 42% of its See also:

• SURFACE

surface being occupied by forests, which yield See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• TIMBER

timber and See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour large quantities of See also:

• GAME

game . The See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers abound in See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish, the See also:

• SALMON
• SALMON, GEORGE (1819-1904)

salmon See also:

• FISHERIES

fisheries on the Rhine being especially important . There are upwards of a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred See also:

• MINERAL

mineral springs in the district, most of which formerly belonged to the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke, and afforded him a considerable See also:

• PART

part of his See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue . The best known are those of Wiesbaden, See also:

• EMS

Ems, See also:

• SODEN
• SODEN, HERMANN, FREIHERR VON (1852- )

Soden, See also:

• SCHWALBACH, or LANGENSCHWALBACH

Schwalbach, See also:

• SCHLANGENBAD

Schlangenbad, Geilnau and Fachingen . The other mineral See also:

• WEALTH

wealth of Nassau includes See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron, See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead, See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, See also:

• BUILDING

building See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, coals, See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

slate, a little See also:

• SILVER

silver and a See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed of See also:

• MALACHITE

malachite . Its manufactures, including See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and woollen goods, are unimportant, but a brisk See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is carried on by See also:

• RAIL

rail and river in wine, timber, grain and fruit . There are few places of importance besides the above-named spas; See also:

• HOCHST

Hochst is the only manufacturing See also:

• TOWN

town .

Wiesbaden, with 100,955 inhabitants, is the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the government district as it was of the duchy . In 1864 the duchy contained 468,311 in-habitants, of whom 242,000 were Protestants, 215,000 See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholics and 7000 See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews . The ecclesiastical See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction was in the hands of the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Wiesbaden and the Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic bishop of See also:

• LIMBURG
• LIMBURG, or LIMEOURG

Limburg . See also:

• EDUCATION

Education was amply provided for in numerous higher and See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools . The See also:

• ANNUAL

annual revenue of the dukedom was about £400,000 and it furnished a contingent of 6000 men to the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• CONFEDERATION (Fr. confederation, Lat. confoederatio, from foedus, a league, foederare, to form a league)

Confederation . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—During the Roman See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period the district enclosed by the Rhine, the Main and the Lahn was occupied by the Mattiaci and later by the See also:

• ALAMANNI, or ALEMANNI, LUIGI (1495-1556)
• ALAMANNI, or ALLEMANNI

Alamanni . The latter were subdued by the See also:

• FRANKS
• FRANKS, SIR AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON (1826-1897)

Franks under See also:

• CLOVIS [Chlodovech] (c. 466-511)

Clovis at the end of the 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and at the See also:

• PARTITION

partition of See also:

• VERDUN

Verdun in 843 the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country became part of the East Frankish or German See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity seems to have been introduced in the 4th century . The founder of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of Nassau is usually regarded as a certain Drutwin (d. ro76), who, with his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• DUDO, or DEMON (fl. C. 1000)

Dudo, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of Laurenburg, built a See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle on a See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill overlooking the Lahn, near the See also:

• PRESENT

present town of Nassau . Drutwin's descendant Walram (d . 1198) took the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of count of Nassau, and placed his lands under the immediate See also:

• SUZERAINTY

suzerainty of the German See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king; previously he had been a See also:

• VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

vassal of the See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch-bishop of See also:

• TRIER (French Troves)

Trier . Then in 1255 Walram's grandsons, Walram and See also:

• OTTO

Otto, divided between them their paternal See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance, which had been steadily increasing in See also:

• SIZE

size .

Walram took the part of Nassau lying on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the Lahn and made Wiesbaden his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence; Otto took the part on the right bank of the river and his capital was See also:

• SIEGEN

Siegen . The See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers thus founded the two branches of the house of Nassau, which have flourished to the present See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . The fortunes of the Ottonian, or younger See also:

• LINE

line, belong mainly to the history of the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands . The See also:

• FAMILY

family was soon divided into several branches, and in the 15th century one of its members, Count Engelbert I . (d . 1442), obtained through See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage lands in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland . Of his two sons one took the Dutch, and the other the German possessions of the house, but these were See also:

• UNITED

united again in 1504 under the sway of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, count of Nassau-Dillenburg, the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the family which, in consequence of a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of deaths, the last of which took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in 1561, was a few years later the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole representative of the descendants of Count Otto . John's son was Count See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

Rich (d . 1559), and his See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson was the See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero, William the Silent, who inherited the principality of See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange in 1544 and surrendered his prospective inheritance in Nassau to his brother John (d . 16o6) . William and his descendants were called princes of Orange-Nassau, and the line became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct when the See also:

• ENGLISH

English king William III. died in 1702 . Meanwhile the descendants of Count John, the rulers of Nassau, were flourishing .

They were divided into several branches, and in 1702 the head of one of these, John William Friso of Nassau-Dietz (d . 1711), whose ancestor had been made a See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire in 1654, inherited the title of prince of Orange and the lands of the English king in the Netherlands . A few years later in 1743 a number of deaths left John William's son, William, the sole representative of his family, and as such he ruled over the ancestral lands both in Nassau and in the Netherlands . In 18o6, however, these were taken from a succeeding prince, William VI., because he refused to join the Confederation of the Rhine . Some of them were given in 1815 to the other main line of the family, the one descended from Count Walram (see below) . In 1815 William VI. became king of the Netherlands as William I., and was compensated for this loss by the See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of parts of See also:

• LUXEMBURG
• LUXEMBURG, FRANCOIS HENRI DE MONTMORENCYBOUTEVILLE, DUKE

Luxemburg and the title of See also:

• GRAND

grand-duke . When in 1890 William's male line died out Luxemburg, like Nassau, passed to the descendants of Count Walram . In the See also:

• FEMALE

female line he is now represented by the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen of the Netherlands . Adolph of Nassau, a son of Walram, the founder of the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder line 'of the house of Nassau, became German king in 1292, but was defeated and slain by his See also:

• RIVAL

rival, See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, in 1298 . The territories of his descendants were partitioned several times, but these branch lines did not usually perpetuate them-selves beyond a few generations, and Walram's See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share of Nassau was again united in 1605 under See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis II. of Nassau-See also:

• WEILBURG

Weilburg (d . 1626) . Soon, however, the family was again divided; three branches were formed, those of Saarbriicken, Idstein and Weil-See also:

• BURG

burg, the heads of the first two becoming princes of the Empire in 1688 .

Other partitions followed, but at the opening of the 19th century only two lines were flourishing, those of Nassau-Usingen and Nassau-Weilburg . In 18o1 See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles William, prince of Nassau-Usingen, was deprived by See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France of his lands on the left bank of the Rhine, but both he and See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick William of Nassau-Weilburg, who suffered a similar loss, received ample See also:

• COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation . In 18o6 both Frederick William and Frederick See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus, the brother and successor of Charles William, joined the Confederation of the Rhine and received from See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon the title of duke, but after the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig they threw in their See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

lot with the See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies, and in 1815 joined the German See also:

• CON

Con-federation . As a result of the changes of 1815 Frederick Augustus of Nassau-Usingen ceded some of his newly-acquired lands to See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, receiving in return the greater part of the German possessions of the Ottonian branch of the house of Nassau (see above) . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1816 he died without sons and the whole of Nassau was united under the See also:

• RULE

rule of Frederick William of Nassau-Weilburg as duke of Nassau . Already in 1814 Frederick William had granted a constitution to his subjects, which provided for two representative See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

chambers, and under his son William, who succeeded in 1816, the first landtag met in 1818 . At once, however, it came into collision with the duke about the ducal domains, and these dissensions were not settled until 1836 . In this See also:

• YEAR

year the duchy took an important step in the development of its material prosperity by joining the German See also:

• ZOLLVEREIN (Ger. Zoll, toll, customs, and Verein, union)

Zollverein . In 1848 Duke Adolph, the son and successor of Duke William, was compelled to yield to the See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper of the times and to grant a more liberal constitution to Nassau, but in the following years a series of reactionary See also:

• MEASURES

measures reduced matters to their formerunsatisfactory See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition . The duke adhered stedfastly to his conservative principles, while his See also:

• PEOPLE

people showed their sympathies by electing one liberal landtag after another . In 1866 Adolph espoused the cause of Austria, sent his troops into the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field and asked the landtag for See also:

• MONEY

money . This was refused, Adolph was soon a fugitive before the Prussian troops, and on the 3rd of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1866 Nassau was formally incorporated with the kingdom of Prussia .

The deposed duke entered in 1867 into a See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention with Prussia by which he retained a few castles and received an See also:

• INDEMNITY (through Fr. indemnite, Lat. indemnis, free from damage or loss; in-, negative, and damnum, loss)

indemnity of about 1,500,000 for renouncing his claim to Nassau . In 189o, on the extinction of the See also:

• COLLATERAL (from Med. Lat. collateralis,—cum, with, and latus, lateris, side,—side by side, hence parallel or additional)

collateral line of his house, he became grand-duke of Luxemburg, and he died on the 17th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1905 . The town of Nassau (See also:

• LAT

Lat . Nasonga) on the right bank of the Lahn, 15 M. above See also:

• COBLENZ (KOBLENZ)

Coblenz, is interesting as the birthplace of the Prussian statesman, Freiherr von See also:

• STEIN, CHARLOTTE VON (1742-1827)
• STEIN, HEINRICH FRIEDRICH KARL, BARON VOM

Stein . Pop . (1905) 2238 . It has a Roman Catholic and an Evangelical See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, while its main See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are See also:

• BREWING

brewing and See also:

• MINING

mining . Near the town are the ruins of the castle of Stein, first mentioned in 1138, with a See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble statue of Stein, while the ruins of the ancestral castle of the house of Nassau may also be seen . For the history of Nassau see Hennes, Geschichte der Grafen von Nassau bis 1255 (See also:

• COLOGNE (Ger. Koln, or officially, since 1900, Coln)

Cologne, 1843) ; von Schutz, Geschichte See also:

• DES

des See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog-turns Nassau (Wiesbaden, 1853) ; von Witzleben, Genealogie and Geschichte der Furstenhauses Nassau (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1855) ; F . W . T . Schliephake and K .

See also:

• MENZEL, ADOLPH FRIEDRICH ERDMANN VON (1815-1905)
• MENZEL, WOLFGANG (1798-1873)

Menzel, Geschichte von Nassau (Wiesbaden, 1865—1889) ; the Codex diplomaticus nassoicus, edited by K . Menzel and W . Sauer (1885—188;); and the Annalen des Vereins fiir nassauische Altertumskunde and Geschichtsforschung (1827 fol.) .