PEDRO See also:

• PEDRO NAVARRO (c. 1460-1528)

NAVARRO (c. 1460-1528)  , See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish military engineer and See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, of obscure parentage, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born probably about 146o . He began See also:

• LIFE

life as a sailor; and was employed later as mozo de espuela, or See also:

• RUNNING

running See also:

• FOOTMAN

footman, by the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal Juan de See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon; on the See also:

• DEATH

death of his employer in 1485 he enlisted as a See also:

• MERCENARY (Lat. mercenarius, from merces, reward, gain)

mercenary in a See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war between See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence and See also:

• GENOA (anc. Genua, Ital. Genova, Fr. GPnes)

Genoa; and was subsequently engaged for some years in the warfare between the Genoese corsairs and the Mahommedans of See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . See also:

• NAVARRO, PEDRO (c. 1460-1528)

Navarro was not more scrupulous than others, for in 1499 he was at Civitavecchia, recovering from a gunshot See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound in the See also:

• HIP

hip received in a piratical attack on a Portuguese trading See also:

• SHIP

ship . When Gonsalvo de See also:

• CORDOBA
• CORDOBA, GONZALO FERNANDEZ DE (1453–15.15)

Cordoba was sent to See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily, to take See also:

• PART

part with the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French in the See also:

• PARTITION

partition of See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, Navarro enlisted under him; and in the See also:

• EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion of the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison from See also:

• CEPHALONIA (Ital. Cefalonia, ancient and modern official Greek Cephallenia, Ke¢aXMvia)

Cephalonia in 1500 he helped by laying mines to See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach the walls, though not at first with much success . The Spanish See also:

• COMMANDER

commander gave him a See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain's See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission . During the See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of 1502 and 1503 he came to the front among the Spanish See also:

• OFFICERS

officers by the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of See also:

• CANOSA (anc. Canusium)

Canosa and of See also:

• TARANTO (anc. Tarentum, q.v.)

Taranto, by his activity in See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan warfare on the French lines of communication, and by the part he took in winning the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Cerinola . But his See also:

• GREAT

great-reputation among the soldiers of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time was founded on the vigour and success of his See also:

• MINING

mining operations against the castles of Naples, held by French garrisons, in 1503, and he was undoubtedly recognized as the first military engineer of his See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . When the French were expelled from Naples he received from Gonsalvo a See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of See also:

• LAND

land and the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of Olivetto . In 1506 he was in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, and for several years he was employed in See also:

• WARS

wars on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of Africa . In 1508 he took Velez de See also:

• GOMERA

Gomera, largely by means of a See also:

• SPECIES

species of floating See also:

• BATTERY (Fr. batterie, from battles, to beat)

battery which he invented . In 1509 he accompanied Ximenez in the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of See also:

• ORAN (Arabic Wahran, i.e. ravine)

Oran, and did excellent service . Till 1511 he continued in service in Africa, and took See also:

• BOUGIE

Bougie and See also:

• TRIPOLI
• TRIPOLI (Tarabulus el-Gharb, i.e. Tripoli of the West)
• TRIPOLI, or TARABULUS (anc. Tripolis)

Tripoli in 1510 .

The disasters at Gerba and Kerkenna did not materially affect his reputation . There was some talk of appointing him to command the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of the See also:

• LEAGUE

league formed against the French in 1512; but his humble See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth was thought to disqualify him . He was, however, sent as a subordinate general . At the battle of See also:

• RAVENNA
• RAVENNA, EXARCHATE OF

Ravenna he covered the orderly See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat of the Spanish See also:

• FOOT

foot, and was struck from his See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse by a shot which failed to See also:

• PIERCE, FRANKLIN (1804—1869)

pierce his See also:

• ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

armour . Being taken prisoner by the French, he was sent to the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle of See also:

• LOCHES

Loches . See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand, whom the soldiers called an Aragonese skinflint, would not pay his See also:

• RANSOM (from Lat. redemptio, through Fr. rancon)

ransom, and after three years of imprisonment he entered the service of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis I. in a pique . The See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his life was spent as a French officer . He distinguished himself in the passage of the See also:

• ALPS

Alps, at the battle of Marignano, by the taking of the citadel of See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, and in the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

• BRESCIA
• BRESCIA (anc. Brixia)

Brescia . He was at the battle of See also:

• PAVIA (anc. Ticinum, q.v.)

Pavia, and in 1522 was taken prisoner at Genoa by his own countrymen . He was confined at Naples till the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of 1526, but beyond the See also:

• CONFISCATION (from Lat. confiscare, to consign to the fiscus, or imperial treasury)

confiscation of his See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate at Olivetto no See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment was inflicted for his See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason . His last service was in the disastrous expedition of See also:

• LAUTREC, ODET DE

Lautrec to Naples in 1527, which was ruined by the See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague . He died near the end of 1528 .

A life of Navarro by See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin de los Heros, is published in the Documentos ineditos See also:

• PARA
• PARA (officially BELEM; sometimes BELEM DO PARA)

para la Historia de Espana, vol. See also:

• XXV

xxv . (See also:

• MADRID

Madrid, 1854) .