NEANDERTHAL  , a

ravine near the village of Hochdal between Dusseldorf and Elberfeld, Rhenish Prussia . Here in '856 were discovered in a Quaternary bed in the Feldhofen Cave human remains which have been referred to a type commonly called Neanderthal Man . The bones found were a brain-cap, two femora, two humeri and other fragments, now in the Fuhlrott Collection, Elberfeld . The cranium, pronounced by Huxley to be the most ape-like yet discovered, was remarkable for its enormous superciliary ridges . Professor Virchow and others contended that the remarkable shape was pathological or caused by disease during the lifetime of the individual . The subsequent discovery of two other skulls, almost identical in form, at Spy in Belgium, have helped to prove its typical character . The now generally accepted view is that the Neanderthal skull represents the oldest known dolichocephalic race of Europe .