See also:

• NEATH (Welsh, Casten-Nedd)

NEATH (Welsh, Casten-Nedd)  , a municipal and contributory See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough, seaport and See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market-See also:

• TOWN

town of Glamorgan-See also:

• SHIRE

shire, See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, prettily situated near the mouth of the See also:

• NEATH (Welsh, Casten-Nedd)

Neath or Nedd, on the See also:

• GREAT

Great Western and the See also:

• RHONDDA (formerly YSTRADYFODWG)

Rhondda and See also:

• SWANSEA

Swansea See also:

• BAY

Bay See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways, 71- M . E.N.E. of Swansea and 1834 m. by See also:

• RAIL

rail from See also:

• LONDON

London, via See also:

• BADMINTON, or GREAT BADMINTON

Badminton . The Neath and See also:

• BRECON, or BRECKNOCK

Brecon railway has a See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus in the town . Pop . (1901) 13,720 . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal buildings are the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas (restored 1874), the church of St See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David (1866), a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic church, and Baptist, Calvinistic, Methodist, Congregational and Wesleyan chapels; the intermediate and technical See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools (1895), See also:

• DAVIES (DAvIslus), JOHN (1679-1732)
• DAVIES, DAVID CHARLES (1826-1891)
• DAVIES, RICHARD (c. 1505—1581)
• DAVIES, SIR JOHN (1569-1626)
• DAVIES, SIR LOUIS HENRY (1845— )

Davies's endowed (elementary) school (1789), the See also:

• GWYN, NELL [ELEANOR] (1650-1687)

Gwyn See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall (1888), the town hall, with See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange in the See also:

• BASEMENT

basement See also:

• STOREY (equivalents are Fr. etage, Ital. piano, Ger. Stock)

storey, and the market-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house . According to tradition Iestynap-Gwrgan, the last See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of Glamorgan, had a See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence somewhere near the See also:

• PRESENT

present town, but Fitzhamon, on his See also:

• CON

con-quest of Glamorgan, gave the See also:

• DISTRICT

district between the Neath and the Tawe to See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard de Granaville (ancestor of the Granvilles, marquesses of See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath), who built on the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Neath first a See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle and then in 1129 a Cistercian See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey, to whose monks he later gave all his possessions in the district . All traces of this castle have disappeared . Another castle, built in the same See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east See also:

• BANK

bank, was held See also:

• DIRECT

direct by the lords of Glamorgan, as the westernmost outpost of their lordship . It was frequently attacked by the Welsh, notably in 1231 when it was taken, and the town demolished by See also:

• LLEWELYN

Llewelyn ab Iorwerth . The See also:

• PORTCULLIS (from the Fr. Porte-coulisse, porte, a gate, Lat. porta, and coulisse, a groove, used adjectivally for " sliding," from couler, to slide or glide, Lat. colare; the Fr. equivalents are herse, a harrow, and coulisse; Ger. Fallgatter; Ital. saraci

portcullis See also:

• GATE

gate and a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower are all that remain of it; of the abbey which was at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the finest in Wales, there still exist the See also:

• EXTERNAL

external walls, with parts of the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel, vaulted See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter-house, See also:

• REFECTORY (med. Lat. refectorium, from reficere, to refresh)

refectory and See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot's house . This abbey was the spot where See also:

• EDWARD

Edward II. found shelter after his See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape from See also:

• CAERPHILLY

Caerphilly .

At the See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

dissolution the abbey and the See also:

• MANOR

manor of Cadoxton (See also:

• PART

part of its possessions) were sold to See also:

• SIR

Sir Richard See also:

• WILLIAMS
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)
• WILLIAMS, JOHN (1796-1839)
• WILLIAMS, ROGER (c. 1604–1684)
• WILLIAMS, ROWLAND (1817-1870)
• WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

Williams or See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell . Its See also:

• CART (A.S. crcet, Gaelic cairt; connected with " car ")

cart ulary has been lost . See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

Copper smelting has been carried on in or near the town since 1584 when the Mines Royal Society set up See also:

• WORKS

works at Neath Abbey; the See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry attained huge proportions a century later under Sir See also:

• HUMPHREY (or HUMFREY), LAWRENCE (1527?-1590)

Humphrey Mackworth, who from 1695 carried on copper and See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead smelting at Melincrythan . Besides its copper works the town at present possesses extensive tinplate, See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel and galvanized See also:

• SHEET

sheet works as well as See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron and See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass foundries, See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam-See also:

• ENGINE
• ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

engine factories, See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick and See also:

• TILE (0. Eng. tigel, Fr. tuile, connected with Lat. tegula)

tile works, See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering works, See also:

• FLANNEL

flannel factories and chemical works . In the neighbourhood there are numerous large collieries, and See also:

• COAL

coal is shipped from wharves on the See also:

• RIVERSIDE

riverside, vessels of 300 or 400 tons being able to reach the quays at high See also:

• TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide . The Neath See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal, from the upper part of the Vale of Neath to Briton See also:

• FERRY (from the same root as that of the verb " to fare," to journey or travel, common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. fahren; it is connected with the root of Gr. 7ropos, way, and Lat. portage, to carry)
• FERRY, JULES FRANCOIS CAMILLE (1832—1893)

Ferry (13 m.) passes through the town, which is also connected with Swansea by another canal . There is a large export See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in coal,copper, iron and See also:

• TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin, mostly shipped from nieghbouring ports, while the principal imports are See also:

• TIMBER

timber and See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general merchandise . Neath is included in the Swansea parliamentary district of boroughs . The town perhaps occupies the site of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Nidus or Nidum of the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans on the Julia Maritima from which a vicinal road branched off here for Brecon . No traces of Roman antiquities, however, have been found . Neath is a borough by See also:

• PRESCRIPTION

prescription and received its first See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 12th century from See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester, who granted its burgesses the same customs as those of See also:

• CARDIFF

Cardiff . Other charters were granted to it by successive lords of Glamorgan in 1290, 1340, 1359, 1397, 1421 and 1423 .

By the first of these (1290) the town was granted a See also:

• FAIR

fair on St See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret's See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

Day (See also:

• JULY

July 20) and as the abbey had extensive See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep walks the trade in See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool was consider-able . In 1685 See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II. granted a charter, which, however, was not acted upon except for a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short time .