See also:

• NEGRI, ADA (187o– )

NEGRI SEMBILAN (the Nine States)  is a federation of small native states which is now treated as a single entity, being under the See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of a See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• RESIDENT

Resident, and is situated between See also:

• PARALLELS

parallels 2° 28' and 3° 18' N. and See also:

• ROE (or Row), SIR THOMAS (c. 1581—1644)
• ROE, EDWARD PAYSON (1838-1888)

roe 45' and 102° 45' E., on the western See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the See also:

• MALAY

Malay See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula . It is bounded on the N. by the protected See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of Pahang, on the S. by the territory of Malacca, on the E. by Pahang and the See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent state of See also:

• JOHOR (Johore is the local official, but incorrect spelling)

Johor, and on the W. by the Straits of Malacca . The See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast-See also:

• LINE

line is about 28 m. in length, and the extreme distance from See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north to See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south is 55 m., and that from See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east to See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west about 65 m . The estimated See also:

• AREA

area is about 3000 sq. m . See also:

• PORT

Port See also:

• DICKSON, SIR ALEXANDER (1777–1840)
• DICKSON, SIR JAMES ROBERT (1832–1901)

Dickson, or Arang-Arang, is the only port on the coast . It is connected with the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital, Seremban, by a railway 24 M. in length . Most of the states comprising the federation depend largely for their prosperity upon See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

agriculture, but in some of the districts See also:

• TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin is being worked in considerable quantities, with See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good results . As is the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case with the See also:

• HISTORY

history of most Malayan states, much rests upon no surer ground than tradition, in so far as the records of the See also:

• NEGRI, ADA (187o– )

Negri Sembilan are concerned . At the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time history. the native See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story that the states which now See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the federation of the Negri Sembilan were originally peopled by tribes of See also:

• SAKAI

Sakai, or See also:

• ABORIGINES

aborigines of the peninsula, who descended from the mountains of the interior and peopled the valleys, is supported by much corroborative See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence . Not only does the Malay's contempt for the Sakai make it exceedingly unlikely that the tradition, which is hardly a See also:

• MATTER

matter for See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

pride, should have been preserved if it were not true, but also many of the See also:

• LAWS

laws and customs in force in these states are wholly See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign to those of the See also:

• MALAYS

Malays, and can plainly be traced to the aborigines . As an instance, the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of inheriting See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank and See also:

• PROPERTY

property through the See also:

• MOTHER

mother instead of through the See also:

• FATHER

father ma be mentioned . Tradition further relates that towards the end of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century a See also:

• RAJA

raja of the royal See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of Menangkabu came from The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• RIVER

river of the state is the Pahang, from which it takes See also:

• SUMATRA

Sumatra to See also:

• RULE

rule over the federation of small states, each of which continued to be governed in all its See also:

• LOCAL

local affairs by its own See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief and by the See also:

• VILLAGE

village and other See also:

• COUNCILS

councils sanctioned by See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient custom .

The Sumatran raja took the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Iang-di-per-Tuan of Sri Menanti . Although they See also:

• BORE

bore the name of the " Nine States," only six seem to have belonged to the federation during the time of which history speaks . These are Sri Menanti, Johol, Tampin, Rembau, Jelebu, and Sungei Ujong . Later the two latter separated themselves from the See also:

• CONFEDERATION (Fr. confederation, Lat. confoederatio, from foedus, a league, foederare, to form a league)

confederation- Ancient tradition says that the names of the nine states were originally Klang, Jelebu, Sungei Ujong, Johol, Segamat, Pasir Besar, Naning, Rembau and Jelai . Of these Klang was annexed by See also:

• SELANGOR

Selangor, Segamat and Pasir Besar by Johor, and Naning by Malacca . During the last years of the 18th century the Iang-di-per-Tuan appointed an Iang-di-per-Tuan Muda to rule Rembau, and the state of Tampin was created to provide for the See also:

• FAMILY

family of the new chief . In 1887 the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the Straits Settlements sent Mr See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin See also:

• LISTER, JOSEPH LISTER
• LISTER, MARTIN (c. 1638-1712)

Lister to the Negri Sembilan, which had become disintegrated, and by his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence the ancient federal See also:

• SYSTEM

system was revived under the control of a Resident appointed by the governor . The states which formed this new confederation were Johol, Ulu Muar, Jempol, Terachi, Inas, Gunong Pasir, Rembau, Tampin and Gemencheh . See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

Prior to this, in 1873, owing to a See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war in Sungei Ujong, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
• CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
• CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
• CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
• CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
• CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
• CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
• CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
• CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
• CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
• CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
• CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)

Clarke sent a military force to that state, put an end to the disturbances, and placed the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country under the control of a British Resident . Jelebu was taken under British See also:

• PROTECTION

protection in 1886, and was thenceforth managed by a See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate under the orders of the Resident of Sungei Ujong . In 1896, when the federation of all the Malayan states under British control was effected, Sungei Ujong and Jelebu were reunited to the See also:

• CON

con-federation of small states from which they had so See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been separated and the whole, under the old name of the Negri Sembilan, or Nine States, was placed under one Resident . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of the Negri Sembilan, which according to the See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census taken in See also:

• APRIL

April 1891 was only 70,730, had increased to 96,028 by 1901, and was estimated at 119,454 in 1905 .

Of these 46,500 are See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese, 65,000 Malays, 6700 See also:

• TAMILS

Tamils, and 900 Europeans and Eurasians . The births registered slightly exceed the deaths in number, there being a large Malay population in the Negri Sembilan among whom the proportion of See also:

• WOMEN

women to men is See also:

• FAIR

fair, a See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of things not found in localities where the inhabitants are mostly Chinese immigrants . The See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue of the Negri Sembilan amounted to only $223,435 in 1888 . In 1898 it had increased to $701,334, in 1900 to 1,251,366, See also:

• FINANCE

Finance and in 1905 to $2,335,534 . The revenue for 1905 was and See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

Trade. derived mainly as follows:—customs $1,268,602, See also:

• LAND

land revenue $145,475, land sales $21,407, while the revenue farms contributed $584,459 . The See also:

• EXPENDITURE

expenditure in 1905 amounted to $2,214,093, of which $I,125,355 was expended upon public See also:

• WORKS

works . The trade returns for 1905, which are not, however, See also:

• COMPLETE

complete, show an aggregate value of about $13,000,000 . The value of the tin exported during 1905 exceeded $6,9oo,000, and the value of the agricultural produce, of which See also:

• GAMBIER
• GAMBIER, JAMES GAMBIER, BARON (1756-1833)

gambier represented $211,000 and damar $8o,000, amounted to $407,990 . Seremban, the administrative capital of the Negri Sembilan, is connected with Port Dickson by a railway line, owned by the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General Sungei Ujong Railway See also:

• COMPANY

Company, which is 24z m. in length . It is also situated on the See also:

• TRUNK (Fr. tronc, Lat. truncus, cut off, maimed)

trunk line of the Federated Malay States, and is thus joined by See also:

• RAIL

rail to Selangor on the north and to Malacca on the south . Frequent See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam communication is maintained between Port Dickson and the ports on the Straits of Malacca and with See also:

• SINGAPORE (Malay, Singapiira, i.e. " The City of the Lion")

Singapore . For administrative purposes the Negri Sembilan is divided into five districts, viz. the Seremban See also:

• DISTRICT

District, the Coast District, Jelebu, Kuala Pilah and Tampin .

Each of these is under the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of a See also:

• EUROPEAN

European district officer, who is responsible to the Resident . The Iang-di-per-Tuan lives at Kuala Pilah, but the capital of the federation is at Seremban in Sungei Ujong, where the Resident is stationed . The hereditary chiefs of the various states aid in the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of their districts, and have seats upon the state See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, over which the Iang-di-per-Tuan presides . The watering-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• MAGNOLIA

Magnolia See also:

• BAY

Bay, where.excellent See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-bathing is obtainable, is one of the See also:

• PLEASURE (through Fr. plaisir from Lat. placere, to please; Gr. rlbovii)

pleasure resorts of this See also:

• PART

part of the peninsula .