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NEPOMUK (or Pollux), JOHN OF

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 385 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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NEPOMUK (or See also:Pollux), See also:JOHN OF  , the See also:national See also:saint of Bohemia . It is necessary to distinguish between the See also:John of See also:Nepomuk of See also:history and the legendary one . In 1393 a dispute arose between See also:King See also:Wenceslaus IV. of Bohemia and the See also:arch-See also:bishop of See also:Prague, John of Jenzenstein . Wenceslaus, wishing to found a new bishopric in See also:south-western Bohemia, determined to seize the revenues of the See also:abbey of Kladrub as soon as the aged See also:abbot Racek should See also:die . The See also:archbishop opposed this See also:plan, and by his orders his See also:vicar-See also:general, John of Pomuk—son of a See also:German named Wolfel, a See also:citizen of Pomuk—advised the monks to elect a new abbot immediately after Racek's See also:death . This greatly incensed the king, who summoned the archbishop and some of his See also:clergy—among whom was Pomuk—to appear before him . He ordered them to be immediately arrested, and though the archbishop escaped his four companions—among them Pomuk—were seized and subjected to cruel See also:torture . They were ordered to abandon the archbishop . Three of them consented, but Pomuk, who refused to submit and was already on the point of death, was carried to the See also:bridge of Prague and thrown into the Vltava . It is difficult to connect this See also:historical event with the See also:legend of St John of Nepomuk, who was canonized by the See also:church of See also:Rome in 1729, mainly by the See also:influence of the See also:Jesuits, who hoped that this new cult would obliterate the memory of Hus . The See also:Austrian chronicler See also:Thomas Ebendorffer of Haselbach, who lived two generations later, first states that it was reported that King Wenceslaus had ordered that the See also:confessor of his See also:queen—an See also:office that John of Pomuk never held—should be thrown into the Vltava because he would not reveal the See also:secret of See also:confession . The See also:story is afterwards told in greater detail by the untrustworthy Bohemian historian Wenceslaus Hajek .

It appears certain that the See also:

person canonized in 1729 was not the historical John of Pomuk or Nepomuk . See A . H . Wratislaw, See also:Life, Legend and See also:Canonization of St John Nepomuk (1873), a valuable See also:work founded on the best Bohemian authorities; also A . Frind, Der geschichtliche Heilige Johann von Nepomuk (1861); O . See also:Abel, Die Legende vom heiligen Johann von Nepomuk (1855); and particularly vol. iii. of W . W . Tomek's History of the See also:Town of Prague (See also:Czech) (12 vols., Prague, 1855-1901) .

End of Article: NEPOMUK (or Pollux), JOHN OF
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