See also:

• NEWARK
• NEWARK (NEWARK-UPON-TRENT)
• NEWARK, DAVID LESLIE, LORD (1601-1682)

NEWARK (NEWARK-UPON-See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

TRENT)  , a See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market See also:

• TOWN

town and municipal See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough in the See also:

• NEWARK
• NEWARK (NEWARK-UPON-TRENT)
• NEWARK, DAVID LESLIE, LORD (1601-1682)

Newark See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of See also:

• NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, or NOTTS

Nottinghamshire, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . Pop . (1901) 14,992 . It lies in a See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat, fertile See also:

• LOWLAND

lowland near the junction of the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• DEVON, EARLS OF

Devon with the See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent, but actually on the Devon . By means of a See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal m. in length it is connected with the Trent See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation . It is 120 M . N.N.W. from See also:

• LONDON

London by the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern railway, and is on the Melton See also:

• MOWBRAY
• MOWBRAY, HARRY SIDDONS (1858– )
• MOWBRAY, ROBERT (d. 1125)

Mowbray See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of that See also:

• COMPANY

company and the London & See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-Western, and on the See also:

• NOTTINGHAM
• NOTTINGHAM, CHARLES HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF1 (1536-1624)
• NOTTINGHAM, EARLS OF

Nottingham & See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln branch of the Midland railway . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary Magdalene, one of the largest and finest See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish churches of England, is specially notable for the beauty of the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower and of the octagonal See also:

• SPIRE

spire (223 ft. high) by which it is surmounted . The central piers of the old church, dating from the 11th or 12th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, remain, and the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• PART

part of the tower is a See also:

• FINE

fine example of See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early See also:

• ENGLISH

English when at its best . The upper parts of the tower and spire are Decorated, completed about 1350; the See also:

• NAVE

nave See also:

• DATES

dates from between 1384 and 1393, and the See also:

• CHANCEL (through O. Fr. from Lat. plur. cancelli, dim. of cancer, grating, lattice, probably connected with an Indo-European root Kar-, to bend; cf. circus, curve, &c.)

chancel from 1489 . The See also:

• SANCTUARY (from the late Lat. sanctuarium, a sacred place)

sanctuary is bounded on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south and north by two See also:

• CHANTRY (Fr. chanterie, from chanter, to sing; Med. Lat. cantuaria)

chantry chapels, the former of which has on one of its panels a remarkable See also:

• PAINTING

painting from the " See also:

• DANCE
• DANCE (Fr. danse; of obscure origin, connected with Old High Ger. danson, to stretch)

Dance of See also:

• DEATH

Death." There are a few old monuments, and an exceedingly fine See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass of the 14th century . The See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle, supposed to have been founded by Egbert, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons, was partly rebuilt and greatly extended by See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander, consecrated See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Lincoln in 1123, who established at it a See also:

• MINT
• MINT (Lat. moneta; Mid. Eng. mynt)

mint .

It rises picturesquely from the river, and from its position and great strength was for a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time known as the " See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

key of the North." Of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman stronghold the most important remains are the See also:

• GATE

gate-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, a See also:

• CRYPT (Lat. crypta, from the Gr. Kp&arrew, to hide)

crypt and the lofty rectangular tower at the south-west See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle . The See also:

• BUILDING

building seems to have been reconstructed in the early part of the 13th century . In the reign of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward III. it was used as a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison . During the Great See also:

• REBELLION

Rebellion it was garrisoned for See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I., and endured three sieges . Its dismantling was begun in 1646, immediately after the surrender of the king . There is a very beautiful and interesting See also:

• CROSS

cross (the " Beaumond " cross) of the latter part of the 15th century in See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good preservation in the town . A See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar and See also:

• SONG

song school was founded in the reign of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII., and endowed by See also:

• ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

Archdeacon See also:

• MAGNUS, HEINRICH GUSTAV (1802-1870)

Magnus, and there are other considerable charities . The other See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal public buildings are the town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall in the Grecian See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style (erected in 1774), the See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange (1848), the Stock library and See also:

• MIDDLETON
• MIDDLETON, ARTHUR (1742–1787)
• MIDDLETON, CONYERS (1683–1750)
• MIDDLETON, THOMAS (c. 1570-1627)

Middleton newsroom (1828), the See also:

• MECHANICS

mechanics' institution (1836), a See also:

• FREE

free library and a fine See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital (1881) . There is a large See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in See also:

• MALT (O. Eng., mealt; O. Sax., malt; O. Tent., maltos; Mod. Ger., Malz; Scand., malt; probably derived from the Sanskrit mrdu, soft, thus having reference to the fact that malt is raw grain rendered soft or tender)

malt, See also:

• COAL

coal, corn and See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle . There are See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron and brass foundries, See also:

• BOILER

boiler-See also:

• WORKS

works, agricultural See also:

• IMPLEMENT (Lat. implementum, a filling up, from implere, to fill)

implement manufactories and breweries . See also:

• GYPSUM

Gypsum and See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone are obtained in the neighbourhood, and See also:

• PLASTER

plaster of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris is extensively manufactured . The town is governed by a See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors .

See also:

• AREA

Area 1931 acres . Newark (Newer-See also:

• EA(nar...), (p.s„,.,.)
• EA(psr...), (p, „...)• (pqr...)

ea, Nouwerk) owed its origin, possibly in See also:

• ROMAN

Roman times, to its position on the great road called the See also:

• FOSSE (or Foss) WAY

Fosse Way, in the valley of the Trent . In a document which purports to be a See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter of 664 Newark is mentioned as having been granted to the See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey of See also:

• PETERBOROUGH

Peterborough by See also:

• WULFHERE (d. 675)

Wulfhere . In the reign of Edward the See also:

• CONFESSOR

Confessor it belonged to See also:

• GODIVA

Godiva, who granted it to the monastery of See also:

• STOW, JOHN (c. 1525-1605)

Stow, and it remained in the hands of the bishops of Lincoln until the reign of Edward VI . The castle was erected by Bishop Alexander in 1123, and the See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge about the same time . Under See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen a mint was established . There were burgesses in Newark at the time of the Domesday Survey, and in the reign of Edward III. there is See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence that it had long been a borough by See also:

• PRESCRIPTION

prescription . It was incorporated under an See also:

• ALDERMAN (from A.-S. ealdorman, compounded of the comparative degree of the adjective eald, old, and man)

alderman and twelve assistants in 1549, and the charter was confirmed and extended by See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth . Charles I., owing to the increasing commercial prosperity of the town, reincorporated it under a mayor and aldermen, and this charter, except for a temporary surrender under See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II., has continued the governing charter of the See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation . Newark returned two representatives to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament from 1673 until 1885 . A weekly market on Wednesdays, and a See also:

• FAIR

fair on the See also:

• EVE

eve, See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day and morrow of the Invention of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Cross, granted to the bishop of Lincoln by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, are still held; another fair at St Mary Magdalene and the four preceding days was granted by Henry III., and is probably represented by the fair now held on the 14th of May . A market for corn and cattle is still held on Wednesdays, and another on Tuesdays for See also:

• FAT (O.E. fdett; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vet, Ger. Fett, &c., and may be ultimately related to Greek Irian, and =apos, and Sanskrit pivan)

fat stock has been added .