NEWBURY  , a See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market See also:

• TOWN

town and municipal See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough in the Newbury See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of See also:

• BERKSHIRE [abbreviated Berks, pronounced Berkshire]
• BERKSHIRE, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1587–1669)

Berkshire, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, 53 M . W. by S. of See also:

• READING

Reading by the See also:

• GREAT

Great Western railway . Pop . (1901) 11,o61 . It is beautifully situated in the narrow well-wooded valley of the Kennet, which is followed by the Kennet and See also:

• AVON

Avon See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal . The town has See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south communications by the Didcot, Newbury & See also:

• SOUTHAMPTON
• SOUTHAMPTON, EARL OF
• SOUTHAMPTON, HENRY WRIOTHESLEY, 3RD EARL OF (1J73—1624)

Southampton railway (worked by the Great Western See also:

• COMPANY

company), and is the See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus of the See also:

• LAMBOURN

Lambourn Valley See also:

• LIGHT

light railway . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St . See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas is a large Perpendicular See also:

• BUILDING

building of the beginning of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . It is said to have been built mainly at the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Winchcombe or Smalwoode (See also:

• JACK

Jack of Newbury), an eminent See also:

• CLOTHIER

clothier, who, according to the See also:

• BRASS
• BRASS (O. Eng. braes)

brass to his memory, died in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1519 . A few picturesque old buildings remain in the town, including See also:

• PART

part of Winchcombe's See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house and the Jacobean See also:

• CLOTH

cloth See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, now a public museum . The almshouses called See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King John's See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court are supported by a See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation known as St See also:

• BARTHOLOMEW, JOHN (1831-1893)
• BARTHOLOMEW, SAINT

Bartholomew's See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

Hospital, to which in 1215 King John. granted by See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter (renewed in 1596 to the See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation) the profits of a See also:

• FAIR

fair on St Bartholomew's See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day (24th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August) . See also:

• SHAW, GEORGE BERNARD (1856– )
• SHAW, HENRY WHEELER (1818–1885)
• SHAW, LEMUEL (1781–1861)
• SHAW, RICHARD NORMAN (1831– )

Shaw House, on the outskirts of the town to the north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east, is an Elizabethan See also:

• MANSION (through O. Fr. mansion, mod. maison, from Lat. mansio, dwelling-place, stage on a journey; manere, to remain)

mansion of See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick, dating from 1581; to the north is Donnington See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle, retaining a Perpendicular gateway and other fragments .

The suburb of Speenhamland was formerly an important posting station on the See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath road . At Sandleford Priory, to the south of Newbury, the site and part of the buildings of an Augustinian priory (c . 1200) were utilized in the erection of a mansion, in 1781, for Mrs See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth Montague . The house-holders of Newbury have the right to elect boys and girls to the educational foundation of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ's Hospital . The cloth See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry is See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct in Newbury, but large See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool fairs are held annually; there is considerable agricultural See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, and there are breweries and See also:

• FLOUR

flour See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills . A racecourse was opened in the vicinity of the town in 1905, and six meetings are held annually . The borough is under a See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors, See also:

• AREA

Area, 1828 acres . Newbury (Neubiri, Neubiry) possibly owes its origin to the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Speen on the other See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Kennet, which probably marks the site of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman station Spinae . The name Newbury (new town or borough) is first mentioned by Odericus Vitalis; it is probable, however, that the See also:

• MANOR

manor of Uluritone, entered in Domesday as held by Ernulph de Hesdain and containing fifty-one houses, covered a large part of the site of the town . The manor was subsequently held by the Marshalls, and later by the Mortimers, through whom it passed to the house of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York and the See also:

• CROWN

crown . It formed part of the See also:

• DOWRY (in Anglo-Fr. dowarie, O. Fr. douaire, Med. Lat. dotaria, from Lat. dos; from root of dare, to give; in Fr. dot)

dowry of several queens-See also:

• CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort, and was held by Elizabeth before her See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession . In 1627 it was granted by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles I. at a See also:

• FEE

fee-See also:

• FARM

farm to the corporation .

Newbury was a borough by See also:

• PRESCRIPTION

prescription; in 1 187 its inhabitants are called " burgesses " and a document of the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I. speaks of it as " burgus." It was incorporated by a charter of Elizabeth (1596) which was confirmed by Charles I. and Charles II.; a doubtfully valid charter of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II . (1685) . Newbury sent two representatives to the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of 1302 and delegates to a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council held in the reign of Edward III . Newbury See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early became a centre of the woollen industry, but at the beginning of the 17th century this was declining . John Kendrick (d . 1624) See also:

• LEFT

left a sum of See also:

• MONEY

money to benefit the clothing trade and to " set the poor on See also:

• WORK

work," but the result was not what was expected . See also:

• ELIAS, JOHN (1774-1841)

Elias Ashmole (d . 1628) says: " Newbury had lost most of its clothing trade, which the See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation of the See also:

• RIVER

river Kennet hither, now begun, will probably recover "; the trade, however, was already irrevocably lost . The Weavers' Company, which still exists, was incorporated in 16or . In the 18th century a considerable trade was done in See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn and See also:

• MALT (O. Eng., mealt; O. Sax., malt; O. Tent., maltos; Mod. Ger., Malz; Scand., malt; probably derived from the Sanskrit mrdu, soft, thus having reference to the fact that malt is raw grain rendered soft or tender)

malt . Newbury castle, of which traces remained until the 17th century, is said to have been besieged by See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen in 1152 . Newbury was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of two battles during the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, in the first of which (1643) See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• FALKLAND
• FALKLAND, LUCIUS CARY

Falkland was killed .

An important woollen market, established in 1862, is held annually on the first Wednesday in See also:

• JULY

July . See W . Money, See also:

• HISTORY

History of Newbury (1887) ; See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

County History, Berks .