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JOHN NEWTON (1725-1807)

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Originally appearing in Volume V19, Page 592 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOHN See also:NEWTON (1725-1807)  , See also:English divine, was See also:born in See also:London on the 24th of See also:July 1725 (O.S.) . His See also:father, who for a See also:long See also:time was See also:master of a See also:ship in the Mediterranean See also:trade, became in 1748 See also:governor of See also:York Fort, See also:Hudson See also:Bay, where he died in 1751 . The lad had little See also:education and served on his father's ship from 1737 to 1742; shortly afterwards he was impressed on See also:board a See also:man-of-See also:war, the " See also:Harwich," where hewas made a See also:midshipman . For an See also:attempt to See also:escape while his ship See also:lay off See also:Plymouth he was degraded, and treated with so much severity that he gladly exchanged into an See also:African trader . He made many voyages as See also:mate and then as master on slave-trading See also:ships, devoting his leisure to the improvement of his education . The See also:state of his See also:health and perhaps a growing distaste for the slave trade led him to quit the See also:sea in 1755, when he was appointed See also:tide-surveyor at See also:Liverpool . He began to study See also:Greek and See also:Hebrew, and in 1758 applied to the See also:archbishop of York for ordination . This was refused him, but, having had the curacy of See also:Olney offered to him in See also:April 1764 he was ordained by the See also:bishop of See also:Lincoln . In See also:October 1767 See also:William See also:Cowper settled in the See also:parish . An intimate friendship sprang up between the two men, and they published together the Olney See also:Hymns (1779) . In 1779 See also:Newton See also:left Olney to become See also:rector of St See also:Mary Woolnoth, London, where he laboured with unceasing See also:diligence and See also:great popularity till his See also:death on the 31st of See also:December 1807 . Like Cowper, Newton held Calvinistic views, although his evangelical fervour allied him closely with the sentiments of See also:Wesley and the Methodists .

His fame rests on certain of the Olney Hymns (e.g . " Glorious things of Thee are spoken," " How sweet the name of Jesus sounds," " One there is above all others,") remarkable for vigour, simplicity and directness of devotional utterance . His See also:

prose See also:works include an See also:Authentic Narrative of some Interesting and Remarkable Particulars in the See also:Life of See also:John Newton (1764), a See also:volume of Sermons (1767), Omicron (a See also:series of letters on See also:religion, 1774), See also:Review of Ecclesiastical See also:History (1769) and Cardiphonia (1781) . This last was a further selection of religious See also:correspondence, which did much to help the Evangelical revival . See also:Thomas See also:Scott, William See also:Wilberforce, See also:Charles See also:Simeon, William See also:Jay and Hannah More all came under his See also:direct See also:influence . His Letters to a Wife (1793) and Letters to Rev . W . See also:Bull (See also:posthumous, 1847) illustrate the frankness with which he exposed his most intimate See also:personal experiences . A Life of Newton by See also:Richard See also:Cecil was prefixed to a collected edition. of his works (6 vols., 1808; vol . 1827) . See also T . See also:Wright, The See also:Town of Cowper .

End of Article: JOHN NEWTON (1725-1807)
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