NICEPHORUS I  ., See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor 802-81I, was a native of See also:

• SELEUCIA (Gr. EeXeimeta)

Seleucia in See also:

• PISIDIA

Pisidia, who was raised by the empress See also:

• IRENE

Irene to the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of logothetes or See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord high treasurer . With the help of the See also:

• PATRICIANS (Lat. patricius, an adjectival form from pater, father; not, as some say, from pater and ciere, to call)

patricians and eunuchs he contrived to dethrone and See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile Irene, and to be elected emperor in her See also:

• STEAD, WILLIAM THOMAS (1849– )

stead . His See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty was endangered by Bardanes, one of his ablest generals, who revolted and received support from other commanders, notably the later emperors See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• LEO, JOHANNES (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

Leo the Armenian and See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael the Amorian . But Nicephorus gained over the latter two, and by inducing the See also:

• REBEL, JOHANN PETER (176o-1826)

rebel See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army to disperse achieved the submission of Bardanes, who was relegated to a monastery . A See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy headed by the patrician Arsaber had a similar issue . Nicephorus, who needed large sums to strengthen his military force, set himself with See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy to increase the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire's See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue . By his rigorous imposts he alienated the favour of his subjects, and especially of the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, whom he otherwise sought to See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control firmly . In 803 and 8ro he made a treaty with See also:

• CHARLEMAGNE [CHARLES THE GREAT] (c. 742-814)
• CHARLEMAGNE, JEAN ARMAND (1753–1838)

Charlemagne, by which the limits of the two empires were amicably fixed . See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, See also:

• ISTRIA (Ger. Istrien)

Istria, the Dalmatian See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy were assigned to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, while See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, See also:

• RAVENNA
• RAVENNA, EXARCHATE OF

Ravenna and the Pentapolis were included in the Western See also:

• REALM

realm . By with-holding the See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute which Irene had agreed to pay to See also:

• HARUN

Harun al-Rashid, Nicephorus committed himself to a See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with the See also:

• SARACENS

Saracens . Compelled by Bardanes's disloyalty to take the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field himself, he sustained a• severe defeat at Crasus in See also:

• PHRYGIA

Phrygia (8o5), and the subsequent inroads of the enemy into See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor induced him to make See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace on See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of paying a yearly contribution of 30,000 See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold pieces . By the See also:

• DEATH

death of Harun in 809, Nicephorus was See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• FREE

free to See also:

• DEAL

deal with the Bulgarian See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, Krum, who was harassing his See also:

• NORTHERN

northern frontiers .

In 811 Nicephorus invaded See also:

• BULGARIA
• BULGARIA, EASTERN

Bulgaria and drove Krum to ask for terms, but in a See also:

• NIGHT

night attack he allowed himself to be surprised and was slain along with a large portion of his army . Krum is said to have made a drinking-See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup of Nicephorus's See also:

• SKULL

skull .