See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

NICHOLAS H  . (1868- ), See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, eldest son and successor of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander III., was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg on the 18th of May 1868 . He received the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• EDUCATION

education of See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• GRAND

grand-See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes, under the direction of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General Danilovitch, assisted by M . See also:

• POBEDONOSTSEV, CONSTANTINE PETROVICH (1827-1907)

Pobedonostsev and other eminent professors . Among these was an Englishman, Mr See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• HEATH
• HEATH, BENJAMIN (1704-1766)
• HEATH, WILLIAM (1737—1814)

Heath, for whom he had See also:

• GREAT

great respect and See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection . By the See also:

• DEATH

death of his grand-See also:

• FATHER

father, Alexander II., in 1881, he became See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir-apparent (See also:

• CESAREVICH

cesarevich) . Though he received, like all the heirs-apparent to the Russian See also:

• THRONE

throne, a certain amount of military training, his See also:

• PERSONAL

personal tastes did not See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie in that direction, nor did he show any inclination for the boisterous amusements of the jeunesse donee of St Petersburg . Like his father, he was nowhere happier than in the See also:

• FAMILY

family circle, and he was particularly attached to his See also:

• SISTER

sister, the grand-duchess See also:

• XENIA

Xenia, who was seven years younger than himself . In 189o-1891 he made a tour in See also:

• GREECE

Greece, See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon and See also:

• JAPAN

japan, where he narrowly escaped assassination at the hands of a See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese fanatic . On the return See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey by See also:

• SIBERIA

Siberia, at See also:

• VLADIVOSTOK

Vladivostok, he turned the first sod of the eastern See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of the Siberian railway, and two years afterwards (1893) he was appointed See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the imperial See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee for that great undertaking . By the death of his father on the 1st of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1894 he became emperor, and on the 26th of that See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month he married Princess Alix of See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

Hesse (a grand-daughter of See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria), to whom he had been betrothed in the presence of his father during the latter's last illness . Eighteen months later the See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at See also:

• MOSCOW (Russian Moskva)
• MOSCOW, (Russian Moskva)

Moscow with great pomp, but a gloom was thrown over the festivities by the unfortunate incident of the Khodinskoe Polye, a great open space near the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, where a popular fete had been prepared and where, from defective See also:

• POLICE (Fr. police, government, civil administration, a police force, Gr. sroXumeia, constitution, condition of a state, roars, city, state)

police arrangements, a large number of men, See also:

• WOMEN

women and See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, roughly estimated at 2000, were crushed and trampled to death .

See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas II. followed in the footsteps of his father, seeking to preserve See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace in See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign relations, and continuing in See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home affairs, though in a much milder See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, the policy of centralization and Russification which had characterized the previous reign . His pacific tendencies were shown by his systematic opposition to all bellicose excitement, by his maintaining M. de See also:

• GIERS, NICHOLAS KARLOVICH DE (182o-1895)

Giers in the See also:

• POST

post of See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of foreign affairs, by his offering the post, on the death of that statesman, to M. de See also:

• STAAL, MARGUERITE JEANNE CORDIER DELAUNAY, BARONNE DE (1684-1750)

Staal, by his restraining See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France from dangerous adventures, and by initiating the Peace See also:

• CONFERENCE

Conference at the See also:

• HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague . To these ought perhaps to be added the transformation of the Franco-Russian entente cordiale into a formal See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance, since the alliance in question might be regarded as favourable to the preservation of Lie status quo in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . In the See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration during the first years of his reign he introduced by his personal See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, and without any great See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change in the See also:

• LAWS

laws, a more humane spirit towards those of his subjects who did not belong by See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language and tradition to the dominant See also:

• NATIONALITY

nationality, and who were not members of the Eastern Orthodox See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church; but he disappointed the men of liberal views by giving it to be clearly understood soon after his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession that he had no intention of circumscribing and weakening the autocratic See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power by constitutional guarantees or See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary institutions . In spite, however, of his See also:

• DESIRE

desire for peace he let his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

• DRIFT (from "drive ")

drift into the disastrous See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with Japan; and notwithstanding his sincere See also:

• ATTACHMENT

attachment to the principles of bureaucratic See also:

• AUTOCRACY (Gr. abroepareca, absolute power)

autocracy, it was he who granted the constitutional reforms which altered the whole See also:

• POLITICAL

political outlook in Russia (see Russia) .