See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

NICHOLAS OF See also:

• GUILDFORD

GUILDFORD (fl. 1250)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English poet, the supposed author of The See also:

• OWL (O. Eng. Ule, Swed. Uggla, Ger. Eule—all allied to Lat. Ulula, and evidently of imitative origin)

Owl and the See also:

• NIGHTINGALE (O. Eng. Nihtegale, literally " singer of the night ")
• NIGHTINGALE, FLORENCE (1820–191o)

Nightingale, an English poem of the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . This See also:

• WORK

work, which displays genuine poetical and imaginative qualities, is written in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western See also:

• DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect, and is one of the few 13th-century English poems not devoted entirely to religious topics . The nightingale sitting on a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch covered with blossom See also:

• SEES

sees the owl perched on a bough overgrown with See also:

• IVY (A.S. ifig, Ger. Epheu, perhaps connected with apium, anent)

ivy, and proceeds to abuse him for his See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general habits and See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance . The birds decide to refer the consequent dispute to See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

Master See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas de See also:

• GUILDFORD

Guildford, who is skilled in such questions, but they first of all engage in a See also:

• REGULAR

regular debat in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion . The owl is the best logician, but the nightingale has a fund of abuse that equalizes matters . Finally, when the See also:

• ARGUMENT

argument threatens to become a fight, the See also:

• WREN (O. Eng. wrcknna, Mid. Eng. wrenne; Icel. rindill)
• WREN, SIR CHRISTOPHER (1632-1723)

wren interferes, and the two go to the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of Master Nicholas at Portisliam in See also:

• DORSET, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Dorset . He See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges, they say, many right judgments, and composes and writes much See also:

• WISDOM, BOOK OF, or WISDOM OF SOLOMON (Sept. Io4ia IaXwµwvos; Lat. Vulg. Liber sapientiae)

wisdom, and it is lamentable that so learned and worthy a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man should gain no preferment from his See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop . The poet, whoever he was, wrote the octosyllabic See also:

• COUPLET

couplet with ease and smoothness . He borrows something from See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander of Neckham's De naturis rerum, and was certainly See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar with contemporary French See also:

• POETRY

poetry . The piece is a general See also:

• ALLEGORY (iXXos, other, and ayopeuav, to speak)

allegory of the contest between See also:

• ASCETICISM

asceticism and a more cheerful view of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion, and is capable of a particular application to the See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences between the regular orders and the See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy . The nightingale defends her singing on the ground that See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven is a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• SONG

song and mirth, while the owl maintains that much weeping for his many sins is man's best preparation for the future . There are two See also:

• MSS

MSS. of the Hule amd the Nightingale, MS .

See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

Cotton Caligula A ix . (See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum), dating from the first See also:

• HALF

half of the 13th century, and MS . See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

Arch . I . 29, Jesus See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, written about half a century later . In the Jesus College MS. the poem is immediately preceded by a religious poem entitled La Passyun Jhu See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ, which, according to a See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note on it, once possessed an additional See also:

• QUATRAIN

quatrain implying that it was written by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of Guildford, perhaps a relation of Nicholas . The Owl and the Nightingale has been edited from the Cotton MS. chiefly for the See also:

• ROXBURGHE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Roxburghe See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club (1838) by See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• STEVENSON, ADLA1 EWING (1835- )
• STEVENSON, ROBERT (1772-1850)
• STEVENSON, ROBERT LEWIS BALFOUR (1850-1894)

Stevenson, and for the See also:

• PERCY (FAMILY)
• PERCY, SIR HENRY
• PERCY, THOMAS (1729-1811)
• PERCY, THOMAS (c. 156o-16os)

Percy Society (1843) by T . See also:

• WRIGHT, CARROLL DAVIDSON (1840-1909)
• WRIGHT, CHAUNCEY (1830-1875)
• WRIGHT, JOSEPH (1734-1797)
• WRIGHT, SILAS (1795-1847)
• WRIGHT, THOMAS (1809–1884)
• WRIGHT, THOMAS (1810—1877)
• WRIGHT, WILLIAM ALDIS (1836– )

Wright; the best edition is by F . H . Stratmann (Krefeld, 1868), who collated the two MSS . See also B . Ten Brink, See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early English Literature (trans .

H . M . See also:

• KENNEDY
• KENNEDY, BENJAMIN HALL (1804-1889)
• KENNEDY, THOMAS FRANCIS (1788-1879)
• KENNEDY, WALTER (c. 1460–c. 1508)

Kennedy, pp . 214.-218); See also:

• COURTHOPE, WILLIAM JOHN (1842— )

Courthope, See also:

• HISTORY

History of English Poetry; and J . W . H . Atkins in the See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge History of Literature, vol. i . For some textual See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism see A.E . Egge in See also:

• MODERN

Modern See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

Language Notes(See also:

• BALTIMORE
• BALTIMORE, GEORGE CALVERT, 1ST BARON (C. 1580—1632)

Baltimore,See also:

• JANUARY

January, 1887) .