NICHOLAS V  . (Pietro Rainalducci), antipope in Italy from 1328 to 1330 during the pontificate of John XXII. at Avignon, was a native of Corbara in the Abruzzi . He joined the Franciscan order after separating from his wife in 1310, and became famous as a preacher . He was elected through the influence of the excommunicated emperor, Louis the Bavarian, by an assembly of priests and laymen, and consecrated at St Peter's on the 12th of May 1328 by the bishop of Venice . After spending four months in Rome, he withdrew with Louis to Viterbo and thence to Pisa, where he was guarded by the imperial vicar . He was excommunicated by John XXII. in April 1329, and sought refuge with Count Bonif ace of Donoratico near Piombino . Having obtained assurance of pardon, he presented a confession of his sins first to the archbishop of Pisa, and then (25th of August 1330) to the pope at Avignon . He remained in honour-able imprisonment in the papal palace until his death in October 1333• See F . Gregorovius, Rome in the Middle Ages, vol . 6, trans. by Mrs G . W . Hamilton (London, 1900—1902) ; Baluzius, Vitae paparum Avenionensium, vol .

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Paris, 1693); J . B . Christophe, Histoi"e de la papaute pendant le XIV~°'"° siecle, vol . 1 (Paris, 1853); E . Marcour, Anteil der Minoriten am Kampfe zwischen Konig Ludwig IV. von Bayern and Papst Johann XXII . (Emmerich, 1874) ; Eubel, " Der Gegenpapst Nicolaus V. u. seine Hierarchie," in Hist . Jahrbuch, vol . 12 (1891) . (C . H .