CHRISTOPH See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

FRIEDRICH See also:

• CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH NICOLAI (1733-1811)

NICOLAI (1733-1811)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German author and bookseller, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 18th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1733 at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, where his See also:

• FATHER

father, Christoph Gottlieb See also:

• NICOLAI, CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH (1733-1811)

Nicolai (d . 1752), was the founder of the famous Nicolaische Buchhandlung . He received a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• EDUCATION

education, and in 1749 went to See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort-on-See also:

• ODER (Lat. Viadua; Slavonic, Vjodr)

Oder to learn his father's business, finding See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time also to become acquainted with See also:

• ENGLISH

English literature . In 1752 he returned to Berlin, and began to take See also:

• PART

part in See also:

• LITERARY

literary controversy by defending See also:

• MILTON
• MILTON, JOHN (1608–1674)

Milton against the attacks of J . C . See also:

• GOTTSCHED, JOHANN CHRISTOPH (1700-1766)

Gottsched . His Briefe fiber den jetzigen Zustand der schonen Wissenschaften in Deutschland, pub- lished anonymously in 1755 and reprinted by G . Ellinger in 1894, were directed against both Gottsched and Gottsched's Swiss opponents, Johann See also:

• JAKOB, LUDWIG HEINRICH VON (1759—1827)

Jakob See also:

• BODMER, JOHANN JAKOB (1698-1783)

Bodmer and Johann Jakob Breitinger; his See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm for English literature won for him the friendship of See also:

• LESSING, GOTTHOLD EPHRAIM (1729–1781)

Lessing and See also:

• MOSES (Gr. Mwvo c, Mcoo-i3s)
• MOSES, ASSUMPTION OF

Moses Mendelssohn . In association with Mendelssohn he established in 1757 the Bibliothek der schonen Wissenschaften, a periodical which he conducted until 176o . With Lessing and Mendelssohn Nicolai founded in 1759 the famous Briefe, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die neueste Literatur betreffend; and from 1765 to 1792 he edited the Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek . • This latter periodical served as the See also:

• ORGAN

organ of the so-called " popular philosophers," who warred against authority in See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion and against what they conceived to be extravagance in literature . The new See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement of ideas represented by See also:

• HERDER, JOHANN GOTTFRIED VON (1744-1803)

Herder, ' oethe, See also:

• SCHILLER, JOHANN CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH VON (1759-18o5)

Schiller, See also:

• KANT, IMMANUEL (1724-1804)

Kant and See also:

• FICHTE, IMMANUEL HERMANN (originally HARTMANN) VON (1797-1879)
• FICHTE, JOHANN GOTTLIEB (1762-1814)

Fichte, Nicolai was incapable of understanding, and he made himself ridiculous by foolish misrepresentation of the aims of these writers .

Of Nicolai's See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• WORKS

works, perhaps the only one which has some See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical value is his Anekdoten von See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

Friedrich II . (1788–1792) . His romances are forgotten, although Das Leben and die Meinungen See also:

• DES

des Herrn Magister Sebaldus Nothanker (1773–1776), and his See also:

• SATIRE (Lat. satira, satura; see below)

satire on See also:

• GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749-1832)

Goethe's Werther, Freuden des jungen Werthers (1775), had a certain reputation in their See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . Between 1788 and 1796 Nicolai published in 12 vols . a Beschreibung einer Reise durch Deutschland and die Schweiz, which bears See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness to the narrow conservatism of his views in later See also:

• LIFE

life . He died in Berlin on the 11th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1811 . Nicolai's Bildniss and Selbstbiographie was published by M . S . See also:

• LOWE, JOHANN KARL GOTTFRIED (1796-1869)
• LOWE, SIR HUDSON (1769-1844)

Lowe in the Bildnisse jetzt lebender Berliner Gelehrter, in 18o6 . See also L . F . G. von Gockingk, F .

Nicolai's Leben and literarischer Nachiass (182o) ; J . See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor, Lessings Jugendfreunde, in J . Kiirschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur, vol. lxxii . (1883) ; O . See also:

• HOFFMANN, AUGUST HEINRICH (1798–1874)
• HOFFMANN, ERNST THEODOR WILHELM (1776-1822)
• HOFFMANN, JOHANN JOSEPH (1805-1878)

Hoffmann, Herders Briefwechsel mit Nicolai (1887); E . See also:

• FRIEDEL, CHARLES (1832-1899)

Friedel, Zur Geschichte der Nicolaischen Buchhandlung (1891); and E . Altenkruger, F . Nicolais Jugendschriften (1894) . NICOLA!, See also:

• OTTO

OTTO (1810-1849), German composer, was born on the 9th of See also:

• JUNE

June in See also:

• KONIGSBERG (Polish Krolewiec)

Konigsberg . He studied See also:

• MUSIC

music in Berlin and in 1833 became organist to the German See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . There his operas Enrico II (1839) and Il Templario (1840) were produced, besides some See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church music, a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of songs, and a number of compositions for the See also:

• PIANOFORTE (Ital. piano, soft, and forte, loud)

pianoforte . He was subsequently appointed See also:

• HOF

Hof Kapellmeister at the Berlin See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

Opera See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House; and there, only two days before he died (on the 11th of March 1849), was performed his brilliant opera, The Merry Wives of See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor, the See also:

• WORK

work by which he is now remembered .