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See also: American colonial governor, was See also: born probably at Ampthill, See also: Bedfordshire, See also: England, in 1624
.
He commanded a royalist troop of See also: horse during the See also: Civil War, and on the defeat of the See also: king went into exile
.
Soon after the Restoration he became
See also: groom of the bedchamber to the duke of
See also: York, through whose influence he was appointed in 1664 on a Beo7soyobµeva (The See also: Theology of Arithmetic), written in a spirit of commission with See also: Sir Robert Carr (d
.
1667), See also: George See also: Cartwright
and See also: Samuel Maverick, to conquer New Netherland from the Dutch and to regulate the affairs of the New England colonies and See also: settle disputes among them
.
The expedition set See also: sail from Portsmouth on the 25th of May 1664, and New See also: Amsterdam was surrendered to See also: Nicolls on the 8th of See also: September
.
Under authority of a commission from the duke of York, Nicolls assumed the position of deputy-governor of New Netherland (New York)
.
His policy was vigorous but tactful, and the transition to the new regime was made smoothly and with due regard to the interests of the conquered See also: people
.
They were guaranteed in the possession of their See also: property rights, their See also: laws of See also: inheritance, and the enjoyment of religious freedom
.
The See also: English See also: system of See also: law and administration was at once introduced into Long See also: Island, Staten Island and Westchester, where the English See also: element already predominated, but the change was made much more slowly in the Dutch sections
.
A See also: code of laws, known as the " Duke's Laws," drafted by the governor with the help of his secretary, See also: Matthias Nicolls l (c
.
163o-1687), and dated the 12th of See also: March, was proclaimed at Hempstead, Long Island, on the 1st of March 1665 and continued in force until 1683; the code was compiled from the codes of the New England colonies, and it provided for trial by
See also: jury, for proportional See also: taxation on property, for the issuance of new See also: patents for See also: land and for land tenure only by licence from the duke
.
Nicolls returned to England in the summer of 1668 and continued in the service of the duke of York
.
He was killed in the See also: naval See also: battle of Southwold See also: Bay on the 28th of May 1672
.
See J
.
R
.
See also: Brodhead, See also: History of the See also: State of New York (2 vols., rev. ed., 1872)
.
For the " Duke's Laws " see Laws of Colonial New York, i
.
6-too
.
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My seventh great grandfather, William Tom was with Col. Nicolls in 1664 when they told the Dutch to leave New Amsterdam, and renamed it New York after the Duke of York...
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