See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

RICHARD See also:

• RICHARD NICOLLS (1624–1672)

NICOLLS (1624–1672)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American colonial See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born probably at See also:

• AMPTHILL
• AMPTHILL, ODO WILLIAM LEOPOLD RUSSELL, 1ST BARON (18'29-1884)

Ampthill, See also:

• BEDFORDSHIRE [abbreviated Beds]

Bedfordshire, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, in 1624 . He commanded a royalist See also:

• TROOP (an adaptation of Fr. troupe, O. Fr. trope; cf. Ital. troppa, troppa; Med. Lat. truppus; the origin is doubtful; suggestions have been made that it represents a German conception of Latin turba, crowd, or is an adaptation of Norw. tarp, flock)

troop of See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse during the See also:

• CIVIL

Civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, and on the defeat of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king went into See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile . Soon after the Restoration he became See also:

• GROOM

groom of the bedchamber to the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, through whose See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence he was appointed in 1664 on a Beo7soyobµeva (The See also:

• THEOLOGY

Theology of See also:

• ARITHMETIC (Gr. apeOµ7run7, sc. TEXVn, the art of counting, from (ipLBµos, number)

Arithmetic), written in a spirit of See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission with See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Carr (d . 1667), See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• CARTWRIGHT, EDMUND (1743–1823)
• CARTWRIGHT, JOHN (1740–1824)
• CARTWRIGHT, PETER (1785–1872)
• CARTWRIGHT, SIR RICHARD JOHN (1835– )
• CARTWRIGHT, THOMAS (c. 1535–1603)
• CARTWRIGHT, WILLIAM (1611–1643)

Cartwright and See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel Maverick, to conquer New Netherland from the Dutch and to regulate the affairs of the New England colonies and See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle disputes among them . The expedition set See also:

• SAIL

sail from See also:

• PORTSMOUTH
• PORTSMOUTH, EARLS OF
• PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE

Portsmouth on the 25th of May 1664, and New See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam was surrendered to See also:

• NICOLLS, RICHARD (1624–1672)

Nicolls on the 8th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September . Under authority of a commission from the duke of York, Nicolls assumed the position of See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy-governor of New Netherland (New York) . His policy was vigorous but tactful, and the transition to the new regime was made smoothly and with due regard to the interests of the conquered See also:

• PEOPLE

people . They were guaranteed in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of their See also:

• PROPERTY

property rights, their See also:

• LAWS

laws of See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance, and the enjoyment of religious freedom . The See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law and See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration was at once introduced into See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island, Staten Island and Westchester, where the English See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element already predominated, but the See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change was made much more slowly in the Dutch sections . A See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

code of laws, known as the " Duke's Laws," drafted by the governor with the help of his secretary, See also:

• MATTHIAS
• MATTHIAS (1557-1619)

Matthias Nicolls l (c . 163o-1687), and dated the 12th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March, was proclaimed at Hempstead, Long Island, on the 1st of March 1665 and continued in force until 1683; the code was compiled from the codes of the New England colonies, and it provided for trial by See also:

• JURY

jury, for proportional See also:

• TAXATION
• TAXATION (from " tax," derived, through the French, from Lat. taxare, to appraise, which again is connected with the same root as tangere, to touch)

taxation on property, for the issuance of new See also:

• PATENTS

patents for See also:

• LAND

land and for land See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure only by See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence from the duke . Nicolls returned to England in the summer of 1668 and continued in the service of the duke of York .

He was killed in the See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Southwold See also:

• BAY

Bay on the 28th of May 1672 . See J . R . See also:

• BRODHEAD, JOHN ROMEYN (1814–1873)

Brodhead, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

State of New York (2 vols., rev. ed., 1872) . For the " Duke's Laws " see Laws of Colonial New York, i . 6-too .