See also:

• NIEM [NYEM, or NIEHEIM], DIETRICH OF (c. 1345–1418)

NIEM [NYEM, or NIEHEIM], See also:

• DIETRICH, CHRISTIAN WILHELM ERNST (1712-1774)

DIETRICH OF (c. 1345–1418)  , See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval historian, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Nieheim, a small See also:

• TOWN

town subject to the see of See also:

• PADERBORN (Lat. Paderae Fontes, i.e. the springs of the Pader)

Paderborn . He became a See also:

• NOTARY, or NOTARY PUBLIC

notary of the papal See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of the See also:

• ROTA, COURT OF

rota at See also:

• AVIGNON

Avignon, and in 1376 went with the See also:

• CURIA

Curia to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

Urban VI. here took particular See also:

• NOTICE

notice of him, made him an abbreviator to the papal See also:

• CHANCERY

chancery, and in 1383 took him with him on his visit to See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles at See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples, an expedition which led to many unpleasant adventures, from which he escaped in 1385 by leaving the Curia . In 1387 he is again found among the See also:

• ABBREVIATORS

abbreviators, and in 1395 See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• BONIFACE (Bonifacius)
• BONIFACE, SAINT (680-754)

Boniface IX. appointed him to the bishopric of See also:

• VERDEN

Verden . His See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to take See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the see, however, met with successful opposition; and he had to resume his See also:

• WORK

work in the chancery, where his name again appears in 1403 . In the meantime he had helped to found a See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• HOSPICE (Lat. hospitium, entertainment, hospitality, inn, hospes, host)

hospice in Rome, which survives as the Instituto dell' Anima, and had begun to write a See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

chronicle, of which only fragments are extant . His See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief importance, however, lies in the See also:

• PART

part he took in the controversies arising out of the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• SCHISM

Schism . He accompanied See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory XII. to See also:

• LUCCA (anc. Luca)
• LUCCA, BAGNI DI (Baths of Lucca, formerly Bagno a Corsena)

Lucca in May 1408, and, having in vain tried to make the pope listen to counsels of moderation, he joined the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman and Avignonese cardinals at See also:

• PISA
• PISA, COUNCIL OF (1409)

Pisa . He adhered to the pope elected by the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of Pisa (See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander V.) and to his successor See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• XXIII

XXIII., resuming his See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at the Curia . In view of the increasing confusion in the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, however, he became one of the most ardent See also:

• ADVOCATES, FACULTY OF

advocates of the See also:

• APPEAL

appeal to a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general council . He was See also:

• PRESENT

present at the council of See also:

• CONSTANCE
• CONSTANCE (Ger. Konstanz or Costnitz)
• CONSTANCE, COUNCIL OF
• CONSTANCE, LAKE OF (called by the Romans Lacus Brigantinus or lake of Bregenz, and now usually named in German Bodensee, as well as the " Swabian Sea ")

Constance as adviser to the German " nation." He died at See also:

• MAASTRICHT, or MAESTRICI3T

Maastricht on the 22nd of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1418 . Niein wrote about events in which he either had an intimate See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share or of which he was in an excellent position to obtain accurate See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information .

His most important See also:

• WORKS

works are the Nemus unionis and the De schismate . Of these the first, compiled at Lucca after the See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach with Gregory XII., is a collection of documents which had fallen into his hands during the negotiations for See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union : papal pronouncements, See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets, letters written and received by himself, and the like . The De schismate libri III., completed on the 25th of May 1410, describes the See also:

• HISTORY

history of events since 1376 as See also:

• NIEM [NYEM, or NIEHEIM], DIETRICH OF (c. 1345–1418)

Niem himself' had seen them . It was continued in the Historia de vita Johannis XXIII . Other works are De bono regimine Rom. pontzficis, dedicated to the new pope (John XXIII.) ; De modis uniendi ac reformandi ecclesiam and De difficultate reformations in concilio universali, advocating the See also:

• CONVOCATION
• CONVOCATION (Lat. convocatio, a calling together)

convocation of a council, to which the pope is to See also:

• BOW (pronounced " bo ")

bow; Contra dampnatos Wiclivitas Pragae, against the See also:

• HUSSITES

Hussites; See also:

• JURA
• JURA (" deer island ")

Jura ac privilegia imperii, a glorification of the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire in view of the convocation of the council of Constance; Avisamenta pe'lcherrima de unione et reformatione membrorum et capitis fienda, a See also:

• PROGRAMME, or PROGRAM

programme of church reform based on his experiences of the evils of the papal See also:

• SYSTEM

system . For bibliography see See also:

• POTTHAST, AUGUST (1824—1898)

Potthast, Bibl. hist. medii aevi (2nd ed., See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1896), p . 1051, s.v . " Theodoricus de Niem "; and generally see the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article on Niem by Theodor Lindner in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1886) ; and Erler, See also:

• DIETRICH, CHRISTIAN WILHELM ERNST (1712-1774)

Dietrich von Nieheim (Leipzig, 1887) .