See also:

• NIGHTINGALE (O. Eng. Nihtegale, literally " singer of the night ")
• NIGHTINGALE, FLORENCE (1820–191o)

NIGHTINGALE (O. Eng. Nihtegale, literally " See also:

• SINGER, SIMEON (1846-1906)

singer of the See also:

• NIGHT

night ")  , the See also:

• BIRD

bird celebrated beyond See also:

• ALI

ali others by See also:

• EUROPEAN

European writers for the admirable vocal See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers which, during some See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks after its return from its See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter-quarters in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, it exercises at all See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day and See also:

• NIGHT

night . The See also:

• SONG

song itself is indescribable, though several attempts, from the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• ARISTOPHANES
• ARISTOPHANES (c. 448–385 B.e.1)

Aristophanes to the See also:

• PRESENT

present, have been made to See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express in syllables the See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound of its many notes . Poets have descanted on the bird (which they nearly always make of the feminine gender) leaning its See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast against a See also:

• THORN (O. Eng. porn, cf. Du. doorn, Ger. Dorn, &c)
• THORN (Polish Torun)

thorn and pouring forth its See also:

• MELODY (Gr. ,ueXw3ia, a choral song, from name, tune, and gi6i, song)

melody in anguish . Butthe See also:

• COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock alone sings, and there is no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to suppose that the cause and See also:

• INTENT (from Lat. intend ere, to stretch out, extend, particularly in the phrase intendere animum, to turn one's mind to, purpose)

intent of his song differ in any respect from those of other birds' songs (see SONG) . In See also:

• GREAT

great contrast to the See also:

• NIGHTINGALE (O. Eng. Nihtegale, literally " singer of the night ")
• NIGHTINGALE, FLORENCE (1820–191o)

nightingale's pre-eminent See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice is the inconspicuous coloration of its plumage, which is alike in both sexes, and is of a reddish-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown above and dull greyish-See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white beneath, the breast being rather darker, and the rufous tail showing the only See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright tint . The range of the European nightingale, Daulias luscinia, is See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar . In Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain it is abundant in suitable localities to the south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of a See also:

• LINE

line stretching from the valley of the Exe, in See also:

• DEVONSHIRE (DEvoN)
• DEVONSHIRE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Devonshire, to See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, but it doer, not visit See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, its occurrence in See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales is doubtful or intermittent, and it is extremely improbable that it has ever reached See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland . On the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe it does not occur See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of a line stretching irregularly from See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen to the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern Urals, and it is absent in See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany; over south Europe otherwise it is abundant . It reaches See also:

• PERSIA

Persia, and is a winter visitor to See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia, See also:

• NUBIA

Nubia, See also:

• ABYSSINIA (officially ETHIOPIA)

Abyssinia, See also:

• ALGERIA
• ALGERIA (Algerie)

Algeria and as far south as the See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

Gold See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

Coast . The larger eastern D. philomela, sometimes called the See also:

• THRUSH (A. S. Prysce, Icel. priistr, Norw. Trast, O. H. Ger. Drosce, whence the mod. Ger. prossel, to be compared with the analogous English form Throstle,l now almost obsolete, both being apparently diminutives)

thrush-nightingale or Sprosser of See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German bird-catchers, is russet-brown in both sexes, and is a native of eastern Europe . D. hafizi of Persia, a true nightingale, is probably the Perso-Arabic bulbul of poets . The nightingale reaches its See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of See also:

• APRIL

April,' the See also:

• MALES

males (as is usual among migratory birds) arriving some days before the See also:

• FEMALES

females .

On. the cocks being joined by their partners, the See also:

• WORK

work for which the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and hazardous See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey of both has been undertaken is speedily begun, and before long the See also:

• NEST

nest is completed . This is of a rather uncommon See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, being placed on or near the ground, the outworks consisting chiefly of a great number of dead leaves ingeniously applied together so that the See also:

• PLANE

plane of each is mostly See also:

• VERTICAL (from Lat. vertex, highest point)

vertical . In the midst of the See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass is wrought a deep See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup-like hollow, neatly lined with fibrous roots, but the whole is so loosely constructed, and depends for lateral support so much on the stems of the See also:

• PLANTS

plants, among which it is generally built, that a very slight See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch disturbs its beautiful arrangement . Herein from four to six eggs of a deep See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour are duly laid, and the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young hatched . The nestling plumage of the nightingale differs much from that of the adult, the feathers above being tipped with a See also:

• BUFF (from Fr. bu.ffie, a buffalo)

buff spot, just as in the young of the See also:

• REDBREAST

redbreast, hedge-See also:

• SPARROW (0. Eng. spearwa; Icel. sporr; O.H.G. Sparo)

sparrow and See also:

• REDSTART

redstart, thereby showing the natural See also:

• AFFINITY (Lat. affinitas, relationship by marriage, from offinis, bordering on, related to; finis, border, boundary)
• AFFINITY, CHEMICAL

affinity of all these forms . Towards the end of summer the nightingale disappears to its See also:

• AFRICAN

African winter haunts . The name nightingale has been vaguely applied to several other birds . The so-called " Virginian nightingale " is a See also:

• SPECIES

species of See also:

• GROSBEAK (Fr. Grosbec)

grosbeak (q.v.) ; the " See also:

• PEKIN

Pekin nightingale " or " See also:

• JAPANESE

Japanese nightingale " is a small babbler (Liothrix luteus) inhabiting the Himalayas and See also:

• CHINA

China, not See also:

• JAPAN

japan at all . The nightingale holds a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in classical See also:

• MYTHOLOGY

mythology . Procne and Philomela were the daughters of Pandion, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• ATTICA

Attica, who in return for warlike aid rendered him by Tereus, king of Daulis in See also:

• THRACE

Thrace, gave him the first-named in See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage . Tereus, however, being enamoured of her See also:

• SISTER

sister, feigned that his wife was dead, and induced Philomela to take her place . On her discovering the truth he cut out her See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue to hinder her from revealing his deceit; but she depicted her sad See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story on a robe which she. sent to Procne; and the two sisters then contrived a horrible revenge for the infidelity of Tereus, by killing and serving to him at table his son Itys .

There-upon the gods interposed, changing Tereus into a See also:

• HOOPOE (Fr. Huppe, Lat. Upupa, Gr. Eao>!i—all names bestowed apparently from its cry)

hoopoe, Procne into a See also:

• SWALLOW (A. S. swalewe, Icel. svala, Du. zwaluw, Ger. Schwalbe)

swallow, and Philomela into a nightingale, while Itys was restored to See also:

• LIFE

life as a See also:

• PHEASANT

pheasant, and Pandion (who had died of grief at his daughters' dishonour) as a bird of See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey (see See also:

• OSPREY, or OSPRAY

OSPREY) . The See also:

• FABLE (Fr. fable, Lat. fabula)

fable has several variants . See also:

• OVID [PUBLIUS OvID1us NASO] (43 B.C.–A.D. 17)

Ovid's version may be seen in the 6th See also:

• BOOK

book of his Metamorphoses (lines 412-676) . (A .