See also:

• NISHAPUR
• NISHAPUR (Old Pers. Nev-shdpur-nev, New Pers. niv, nik= good; Arab. Naisabur)

NISHAPUR (Old Pers. Nev-shdpur-nev, New Pers. niv, nik= See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good; Arab. Naisabur)  , the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• NISHAPUR
• NISHAPUR (Old Pers. Nev-shdpur-nev, New Pers. niv, nik= good; Arab. Naisabur)

Nishapur, See also:

• PERSIA

Persia, situated at an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of 3920 ft., in 36° 12' N., and 58° 40' E., about 49 M. See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of See also:

• MESHED (properly Mash-had, " the place of martyrdom ")

Meshed . The second See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element of the name is that of the traditional founder See also:

• SHAPUR (Pahlavi, Shahpuhre, " son of the king "; Greek Sapores, commonly Sapor)

Shapur, or Sapor of the Western historians . Some accounts name the first (241-272), others the second Shapur (309-379) . It was once one of the four See also:

• GREAT

great cities of See also:

• KHORASAN, or KHORASSAN (i.e. " land of the sun ")

Khorasan, rivalling Rai (Rhages), " the See also:

• MOTHER

mother of cities," in importance and See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population, but is now a small and comparatively unimportant See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place with a population of barely 15,000 . It has See also:

• POST

post and See also:

• TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tike, far, and rypaq5eiv, to write)

telegraph offices and a lively See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and dry fruits (almonds, pistachios) . Eastward of the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, amongst the mounds and ruins of the old See also:

• TOWN

town, in a dilapidated chamber adjoining a See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue-domed See also:

• BUILDING

building over the See also:

• GRAVE

grave of an imamzadeh, is the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of the astronomer-poet See also:

• OMAR (c. 581-644)

Omar Khayyam, an unsightly heap of See also:

• PLASTER

plaster without inscription, and probably fictitious . Near it is the grave of the celebrated poet and mystic See also:

• FARID

Farid ud din See also:

• ATTAR [or OTTO] OF ROSES (Pers. 'atar, essence)

Attar, who was killed by the See also:

• MONGOLS

Mongols when they captured the city c . 1229 . Nishapur was an important place during the 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, for See also:

• YAZDEGERD (" made by God," Izdegerdes)

Yazdegerd II . (438-457) mostly resided there . During the latter Sassanids it is seldom mentioned, and when the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs came to Khorasan (641-642) it was of so little importance that, as See also:

• TABARI [Abu Ja'far Mahommed ibn Jarir ut-Tabari] (838-923)

Tabari relates, it did not even have a See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison . Under the Tahirids (820-872) it became a flourishing town and See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to great importance during the See also:

• SAMANIDS

Samanids (874-999) .

Toghrul, the first ruler of the Seljuk See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty, made Nishapur his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in 1037 . In 1153 the Ghuzz Turkomans overran the countryand partly destroyed town and suburbs . In r208 most of the town was destroyed by an See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake . The town was hardly rebuilt when it was again destroyed, this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time by the Mongols (See also:

• APRIL

April 1221) and so effectually that, completely levelled to the ground, it was turned into a vast See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field . The city was again rebuilt, suffered again at the hands of the Mongols (1269) and from another great earthquake (1280), and never again rose to its former greatness . (A .