NOAILLES  , the name of a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• FAMILY

family, derived from the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Noailles in the territory of Ayen, between See also:

• BRIVE

Brive and See also:

• TURENNE, HENRI DE LA TOUR

Turenne in the See also:

• LIMOUSIN (Lat. Pagus Lemovicinus, ager Lemovicensis, regio Lemovicum, Lemozinum, Limosinium, &c.)
• LIMOUSIN (or LIMOSIN), LEONARD (c. 1505-c. 1577)

Limousin, and claiming to date back to the Iith See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . It did not obtain fame until the 16th century, when its See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, See also:

• ANTOINE, ANDRE (1858- )

ANTOINE de Noailles (1504–1562), became See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and was See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England during three important years, 1553–1556, maintaining a gallant but unsuccessful rivalry with the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish ambassador, See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon See also:

• RENARD, ALPHONSE FRANCOIS (1842-1903)

Renard . See also:

• HENRI

HENRI (1554–1623), son of Antoine, was a See also:

• COMMANDER

commander in the religious See also:

• WARS

wars, and was made cornte d'Ayen by See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV. in 1593 . See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

ANNE (d . 1678), the See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of the first See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count, played an important See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• FRONDE, THE

Fronde and the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years of the reign of See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV., became See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the newly won See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• ROUSSILLON

Roussillon, and in 1663 was made duc d'Ayen, and peer of France . The sons of the first See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke raised the family to its greatest fame . The eldest son, ANNE JULES (1650–1708), was one of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief generals of France towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV., and, after raising the See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment of Noailles in 1689, he commanded in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain during the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of the Spanish See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession, and was made See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal of France in 1693 . A younger son, Louis ANTOINE (1651-1729), was made See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1695, holding this high dignity until his See also:

• DEATH

death; he was made a See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal in 1699 . The name of Noailles occurs with almost confusing reiteration throughout the 18th century . ADRIEN See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

MAURICE (1678-1766), the third duke, served in all the most important wars of the reign of Louis XV. in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, and became a marshal in 1734 . His last command was in the war of the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian succession, when he was beaten by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• DETTINGEN

Dettingen in 1743 . He married Frangoise d'See also:

• AUBIGNE, CONSTANT
• AUBIGNE, JEAN HENRI MERLE
• AUBIGNE, THEODORE AGRIPPA

Aubigne, a niece of Madame de See also:

• MAINTENON

Maintenon and two of his sons also attained the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of marshal of France .

The See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder, Lours (1713-1793), who See also:

• BORE

bore the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of duc d'Ayen till his See also:

• FATHER

father's death in 1766, when he became duc de Noailles, served in most of the wars of the 18th century without particular distinction, but was nevertheless made a marshal in 1775 . He refused to emigrate during the Revolution, but escaped the See also:

• GUILLOTINE

guillotine by dying in See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1793, before the Terror reached its height . On the 4th See also:

• THERMIDOR (from Gr. BEpµrt, heat, and & pov, gift)

Thermidor (See also:

• JULY

July 22) the aged duchesse de Noailles was executed with her daughter-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, the duchesse d'Ayen, and her granddaughter, the vicomtesse de Noailles . See also:

• JEAN

JEAN See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

PAUL FRAN9oIS (1739-1824), the fifth duke, was in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, but his tastes were scientific, and for his See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence as a chemist he was elected a member of the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of Sciences in 1777 . He became duc d'Ayen in 1766 on his See also:

• GRAND

grand-father's death, and duc de Noailles on his father's in 1793 . Having emigrated in 1792, he lived in See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland until the Restoration in 1814, when he took his seat as a peer of France . He had no son, and was succeeded as duc de Noailles by his grand-See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew, PAUL (1802-1885), who won some reputation as an author, and who became a member of the French Academy in the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• CHATEAUBRIAND, FRANCOIS RENE, VICOMTE DE (1768–1848)

Chateaubriand in 1849 . The grandfather of Paul de Noailles, and See also:

• BROTHER

brother of the fifth duke, See also:

• EMMANUEL, or IMMANUEL

EMMANUEL See also:

• MARIE

MARIE LOUIS (1743-1822), See also:

• MARQUIS

marquis de Noailles, was ambassador at See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam from 1720-1776, at See also:

• LONDON

London 1776-1783, and at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna 1783-1792 . One other See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the family deserves See also:

• NOTICE

notice . PHILIPPE (1715-1794), See also:

• COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)

comte de Noailles, afterwards duc de Mouchy, was a younger brother of the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth duke, and a more distinguished soldier than his brother . He served at See also:

• MINDEN

Minden and in other See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns, and was made a marshal on the same See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day as his brother . He was See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long in great favour at See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, and his wife was first See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour to Marie Antoinette, and was nicknamed by her Madame See also:

• ETIQUETTE

Etiquette .

This court favour brought down See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment in the days of the Revolution, and the old marshal and his wife were guillotined on the 27th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1794 . His two sons, the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince de Poix and the vicomte de Noailles, were members of the Constituent See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly .