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antiquary, and others, to take the oaths of allegiance to George I . Ken, the most eminent of the nonjurors, disapproved of their subsequent proceedings, and Sherlock and Dodwell afterwards took the required oaths, the former becoming dean of St See also:

Paul's . Believing in the See also:

DOCTRINE

doctrine of non-resistance to established authority, the nonjurors argued that See also:

James II. was still the rightful See also:

king, and likened the position of William to that of See also:

Cromwell . Taking examples from the Old Testament and from the practice of the See also:

early church, their antagonists traversed these arguments, and a See also:

long and voluminous controversy followed . Many have thought that the position of the nonjurors was inconsistent, and Dr See also:

Johnson said, " I never knew a non-juror who could See also:

REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason," although he appears to have excepted Leslie from this See also:

general condemnation . The See also:

government did not treat the nonjurors harshly . With the approval of William III., See also:

Gilbert See also:

Burnet, bishop of See also:

Salisbury, attempted to reconcile them to the new See also:

order; and it was only when the generous terms offered by Burnet had been refused, that, in See also:

FEBRUARY

February 169o, they were deprived of their See also:

SEES

sees and other benefices . Although they had only a small following among the See also:

mass of the See also:

PEOPLE

people, who were not required to take the oaths of allegiance, Sancroft and his colleagues claimed to represent the true Church of England, and requested James II. in his See also:

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile to nominate two. new bishops to, carry on the episcopal See also:

SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession .

James See also:

CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose Hickes and Thomas Wagstaffe (1645-1712), who were consecrated in 1694 as bishops of See also:

THETFORD

Thetford and See also:

IPSWICH

Ipswich respectively . A further See also:

CONSECRATION (Lat. consecrallo, from con and sacrare, " to make sacred ")

consecration took See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in 1713 when Collier, Spinckes and See also:

SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

Hawes (d . 1722), were consecrated " bishops at large." In 1718 the introduction of a new communion See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office with some " usages " taken partly from See also:

PRIMITIVE

primitive liturgies, and partly from the first See also:

prayer-See also:

BOOK

book of See also:

EDWARD

Edward VI. caused a See also:

SCHISM

schism among the nonjurors, dividing them into " Usagers " and " Non-Usagers." The four " usages " were: The mixed See also:

CHALICE (through a central O. Fr. form of the Lat. calix, calicis, cup)

chalice, prayers for the faithful departed, prayer for the descent of the See also:

HOLY

Holy See also:

GHOST (a word common to the W. Teutonic languages; O.E. vest, Dutch, 'geest, Ger. Geist)

Ghost on the consecrated elements, and the Oblatory Prayer, offering the elements to the See also:

FATHER

Father as symbols of His Son's See also:

BODY

Body and See also:

BLOOD

Blood . Accepting the " usages " the two bodies See also:

UNITED

united in 1731, but other dissensions followed, although the episcopal succession was maintained until the See also:

DEATH

death of a bishop named Charles See also:

Booth in 18o5 . The last nonjuror is supposed to have been James Yeowell, who died in 1875 . Public See also:

WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship was conducted in chapels or " oratories," and sometimes in private houses . In See also:

Scotland the nonjurors included the greater See also:

PART

part of the clergy of the Episcopal Church, which ceased to be the See also:

state church in 1689 . Many of these men and some of their See also:

ENGLISH

English colleagues were ardent See also:

JACOBITES (from Lat. Jacobus, James)

Jacobites, and were punished for sharing in the risings of 1715 and 1745, and in other Jacobite movements . The Scottish clergy maintained their attitude of resistance to the government until the death of See also:

Prince Charles Edward See also:

Stuart in 1788, when the bishops met at See also:

Aberdeen, and unanimously agreed to submit to the government of King George III . A large number of the Presbyterians in Scotland, principally found among the See also:

CAMERONIANS

Cameronians, also refused to take the oaths of allegiance to William and Mary; but as their reasons for this refusal were quite different from those of the episcopalian nonjurors, they are not usually referred to by this name (see CAMERONIANS) . For the history of the nonjurors, see See also:

MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY, BARON (1800-1859)

Macaulay, History of England vol. ii . (See also:

LONDON

London, 1895) ; T .

Lathbury, History of the Nonjurors (London, I845); and especially J . H . Overton, The Nonjurors (London, 1902), a See also:

defence of the See also:

SECT

sect . (A . W .

End of Article: NONJURORS

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