See also:

• NOSAIRIS (also known as Ansayrii, sometimes Ansariyeh)

NOSAIRIS (also known as Ansayrii, sometimes Ansariyeh)  , the See also:

• PEOPLE

people who inhabit the mountainous See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country of N . See also:

• SYRIA

Syria, which is bounded on the S. by the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north end of the See also:

• LEBANON
• LEBANON (from Semitic laban, " to be white," or " whitish," probably referring not to snow, but to the bare white walls ofchalk or limestone which form the characteristic feature of the whole range)

Lebanon at the Nahr el-Kebir (Eleutherus), on the N. by Mt Casius, See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch and the Nahr el-'Asi (See also:

• ORONTES

Orontes) . Various settlements of them are found also in Antioch itself and in See also:

• TARSUS (mod. Tersous)

Tarsus, See also:

• ADANA

Adana, and a few other places, while in See also:

• HARVEST (A.S. hcerfest " autumn," O.H. Ger. herbist, possibly through an old Teutonic root representing Lat. car pere, " to pluck ")

harvest See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time they come down as far as the Biqa (Buka'a) . From the time of See also:

• STRABO (born c. 63 n.c.)

Strabo until about two centuries ago, the country was famed for its See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, but now more for its See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco (especially at See also:

• LATAKIA (anc. Laodicea)

Latakia) . The See also:

• TOTAL

total number of See also:

• NOSAIRIS (also known as Ansayrii, sometimes Ansariyeh)

Nosairis inhabiting this country is variously estimated at from 120,000 to 150,000 . The origin of the name Nosairi is uncertain . Among the more possible explanations is that the name is derived from that of Mahommed See also:

• IBN

ibn Nusair, who was an Isma`ilite follower of the See also:

• ELEVENTH

eleventh See also:

• IMAM

imam of the See also:

• SHIITES (from Arab. shi`a, a party, and then a sect)

Shiites at the end of the 9th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . This view has been accepted by Nosairi writers, but they See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

transfer Ibn Nusair to the 7th century and make him the son of the See also:

• VIZIER

vizier of Moawiya I., while another tradition (cf . See also:

• ABULFEDA [Abu l-Fida' Ismail ibn 'Ali 'Imad-ud-Dni] (1273-1331)

Abulfeda, Geog. vol. ii. p . 11, No . 7) identifies him with Nusair, a freedman of the See also:

• CALIPH, CALIF

caliph `See also:

• ALI

Ali . It is, however, noteworthy that See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny (Hist. nat. v .

81) gives the name Nazerini to the inhabitants of this See also:

• DISTRICT

district . In this See also:

• PART

part of Syria paganism remained even up to the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages (cf . Archives de l'Orient latin, vol. ii . 2, p . 375), and there is a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of churches of the 5th to the 7th centuries in these mountains . In the 7th century the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs invaded Syria, but do not seem to have got into these mountains . At the end of the loth century, however, the Isma`-ilite propaganda won some success among the people . Their strongholds were taken by See also:

• RAYMOND, HENRY JARVIS (1820-1869)

Raymond in 1099, and later See also:

• TANCRED (d. 1112)
• TANCRED (d. 1194)

Tancred secured the very summits . In 1132—1140 the Assassins (q.v.) gained See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of their See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief towns, but See also:

• SALADIN (Arab. Sala-ud-din, " Honouring the Faith ") (1138—1193)

Saladin recovered them in 1188 . In 1317 the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan Bibars endeavoured to convert them to orthodox See also:

• ISLAM

Islam, and built many mosques, but Ibn Batuta (i . 177) says they did not use them . A fatwa of Ibn Taimiyya (d .

1327) of this time shows that the Nosairis were regarded with fear and hatred by the orthodox . For the next 5oo years they were given over to their own See also:

• INTERNAL

internal disputes, until they came under the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of See also:

• IBRAHIM

Ibrahim See also:

• PASHA

Pasha in 1832 . At the See also:

• PRESENT

present time they are under the See also:

• DIRECT

direct ad-ministration of the See also:

• TURKS

Turks . The See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion of the Nosairis seems to have been almost the same in the first years of the 5th century A.H . (11th century A.D.)as it is to-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, judging by the references in the.sacred books of the See also:

• DRUSES
• DRUSES, or DRUZES (Arab. Druz)

Druses . As set forth in their own sacred See also:

• BOOK

book, the Majmu`, it seems to be a See also:

• SYNCRETISM (Gr. o'vyKprlrurw51, from aim and Kep&vvv,uc, mingle or blend, or, according to Plutarch, from en, and Kprlri'ecv, to combine against a common enemy after the manner of the cities of Crete)

syncretism of Isma`ilite doctrines and the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient heathenism of See also:

• HARRAN, HARAN

Harran . The ages of the See also:

• WORLD

world are seven in number, each of these having its own manifestation of deity . But the manifestation of the 7th See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age is not a See also:

• MANDI

Mandi who is yet to come, but the See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person `Ali ibn See also:

• ABU

abu Talib . This is stated in the crudest See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form in Sura 11 of the Majmu`: " I testify that there is no See also:

• GOD

god but `Ali ibn abu Talib." `Ali is also called the Ma'na (" See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

Idea "; cf. the See also:

• LOGOS (X4os)

Logos of the New Testament), hence the Nosairis are also called the Ma`nawiyya . `Ali created See also:

• MAHOMET (strictly MUHAMMAD, commonly also MOHAMMED)

Mahomet, who is known as the Ism (" Name "), and a trinity is formed by the addition of Salman ul-Farisi, who is the Bab (" See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

Door "), through whom the propaganda is made, and through whom one comes to God . A mysterious See also:

• SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol much used in their ceremonies of See also:

• INITIATION (Lat. inilium, beginning, entrance, from mire, to go in)

initiation consists of the three letters `See also:

• AIN

Ain, Mim, See also:

• SIN
• SIN (O. Eng. syn: a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zonde, Ger. Siinde)

Sin, these being the See also:

• INITIALS (Lat. initialis, of or belonging to a beginning, initium)

initials of `Ali, Mahomet and Salman . Of these three, however, `Ali is the supreme .

In Sura 6 of the' Majmu` the Nosairi says: " I make for the Door, I prostrate myself before the Name, I See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship the Idea." Each of the seven manifestations of God in the ages of the world has been opposed by an adversary . The Nosairis are divided into four sects . (1) The Haidaris (from the name haidari, " See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

lion," given to `Ali on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his valour) are the most advanced . (2) The Shamalis or Shamsis preserve many traces of the old nature-worship, `Ali (i.e. the supreme god) is the See also:

• HEAVEN (0. Eng. hefen, heofon, heofone; this word appears in O.S. hevan; the High. Ger. word appears in Ger. Himmel, Dutch hemel; there does not seem to be any connexion between the two words, and the ultimate derivation of the word is unknown; the sugges

heaven, Mahomet is the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun, Salman the See also:

• MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
• MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)

moon . (3) On the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand the Kalazis, so named from a sheik Mahommed ibn Kalazi (cf . E . See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury in the See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of the See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental Society, viii . 237), or Qamaris, hold that the supreme god (`Ali) is the moon, not the sun . Their See also:

• POETRY

poetry addressed to the moon is translated by C . Huart in the Journal asiatique, See also:

• SER

ser. vii. vol. xiv. pp . Igo if . (4) The Ghaibis are worshippers of the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air, for God is invisible .

In this they come nearer to the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary Isma`ilite See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine . Religion is restricted among the Nosairis to the initiated, who must be adults over fifteen years of age and of Nosairi parentage . The initiator, who must not be a relative, becomes a spiritual See also:

• FATHER

father, and the relation cannot be broken except by his consent . The initiation consists of three stages . In the first the novice is received and told to meditate on the three mystic letters; in the second, after a See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of See also:

• FORTY

forty days, he is taught the titles of the 16 suras of the Majmu`; in the third, after seven or nine months (intended to correspond with the ordinary period of gestation), he is taught Suras 5, 6 and g, learns the meaning of the three mystic letters and goes through a further period of instruction from his initiator . The initiated are divided into two classes, the sheiks, who are recruited from the families of sheiks only, and the ordinary members . The Nosairis are believers in See also:

• METEMPSYCHOSIS (Gr. µF El.4/1Xco rts)

metempsychosis . The pious Nosairi takes his See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank among the stars, but the See also:

• BODY

body of the impious undergoes many transformations .