See also:

• OAXACA, OAJACA (from Aztec Huaxyacac), or OAXACA DE JUAREZ (official title)
• OAXACA, or OAJACA (officially OAXACA DE JUAREZ)

OAXACA, or OAJACA (officially OAXACA DE See also:

• JUAREZ, BENITO PABLO (1806-1872)

JUAREZ)  , a See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico, lying partly on the southern slope of the See also:

• GREAT

great Mexican See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau and covering the southern and larger See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• ISTHMUS (Gr.io0pbs, neck)

Isthmus of See also:

• TEHUANTEPEC
• TEHUANTEPEC (from tecuani-tepec—" jaguar-hill ")

Tehuantepec, bounded N. by See also:

• PUEBLA
• PUEBLA (full title La Puebla de los Angeles, and more recently, Puebla de Zaragoza)

Puebla, N.E. and E. by See also:

• VERA, AUGUSTO (1813-1885)

Vera Cruz, S.E. by See also:

• CHIAPAS

Chiapas, S. by the Pacific and W. by See also:

• GUERRERO

Guerrero . Pop . (1900) 948,633, a large See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of whom are See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians . The state has an See also:

• AREA

area of 35,382 sq. m. broken by See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain ranges into numerous broad fertile valleys, chiefly lying in the tierra templada region . The isthmus districts, however, have See also:

• LOWER

lower elevations and are distinctly tropical . The See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast See also:

• LINE

line is 329 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long; behind it is a narrow See also:

• STRIP

strip of lowlands lying within the tierras calientes: In places this strip nearly disappears, the sierras rising almost immediately from the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• SHORE

shore . The culminating points within the state are Zempoaltepetl (11,145 ft.) about 50 M . E. by N. of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• OAXACA, OAJACA (from Aztec Huaxyacac), or OAXACA DE JUAREZ (official title)
• OAXACA, or OAJACA (officially OAXACA DE JUAREZ)

Oaxaca in a See also:

• KNOT
• KNOT (O.E. cnotta, from a Teutonic stem knutt; cf. " knit," and Ger. knoten)

knot of sierras, See also:

• SAN

San Felipe del Agua (10,253 ft.) See also:

• STANDING

standing on the eastern margin of the beautiful Oaxaca Valley, and the Cerro del Leone, See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of Tehuantepec, the highest See also:

• SUMMIT

summit in the Sierra Madre del Sur . Tributaries of the Mescala drain the western See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the state, among which is the Atoyac or headstream of the Mescala, which rises in See also:

• TLAXCALA

Tlaxcala, and flows across the state of Puebla . The streams flowing northward to the Gulf coast are the Coatzacoalcos and Papaloapam with its tributary, the San Juan, all flowing across the state of Vera Cruz . The Papaloapam is navigable up to the See also:

• TOWN

town of Tuxtepec, in the state of Oaxaca . The largest of the Pacific coast streams is the Tehuantepec, which with its many tributaries has an aggregate length of 182 M .

The Rio Verde has its source farther inland and drains the Oaxaca Valley, but its tributaries are small and less numerous . The only ports on the coast open to See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade are See also:

• SALINA

Salina Cruz and Puerto See also:

• ANGEL

Angel—the first, the Pacific See also:

• TERMINUS

terminus of the Tehuantepec railway, with a spacious artificial See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, and the second a deep but narrow natural harbour, the projected coast terminus of the Mexican Southern railway . The greater part of the state has a sub-tropical See also:

• CLIMATE

climate, with high See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun temperatures, moderate rainfall and mild, healthful conditions . The less healthful regions include the isthmus districts, the coastal See also:

• ZONE (Gr. 'WV77, a girdle, from 'wvvLvay to gird)

zone on the Pacific and the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country on the border of Vera Cruz . See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal occupation of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people; the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief products are See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn, See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, See also:

• COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee, See also:

• SUGAR

sugar, See also:

• RUBBER, INDIARUBBER

rubber, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, cacao, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, See also:

• INDIGO (earlier indico, from Lat. indicum, the Indian sub-stance or dye; the Sans. name was niti, from nila, dark blue, and this through Arab. al-nil, annil, gives " aniline ")

indigo and a great variety of tropical fruits . Among the manufactured products are cotton, woollen and " pita " fibre fabrics, sugar, See also:

• RUM
• RUM (according to Skeat, a corruption of Malay brum or bram; the adjective " rum," i.e. " queer," being a distinct word, in Gipsy rem)

rum, mescal, See also:

• BEER

beer, See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture, pottery, See also:

• SOAP

soap, candles, See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather, matches, See also:

• CHOCOLATE

chocolate, See also:

• FLOUR

flour and cigarettes . Two important railway lines See also:

• TRAVERSE

traverse the state—the Tehuantepec (trans-isthmus) line between the ports of Salina Cruz and Coatzacoalcos (Puerto Mexico), and the Mexican Southern line (narrow-See also:

• GAUGE, or GAGE (Med. Lat. gauja, jaugia, Fr. jauge, perhaps connected with Fr. jale, a bowl, galon, gallon)

gauge) from Puebla to Oaxaca, with branches to San Geronimo on the Tehuantepec line with the Guatemalan frontier as its destination, and toward Puerto Angel on the coast . Two of the most progressive Indian races of Mexico, the Zapotecas and Mixtecas, descendants, it is believed, of the prehistoric races who built the remarkable cities where the ruins of Mitla and See also:

• MONTE

Monte See also:

• ALBAN, SAINT

Alban (see CENTRAL See also:

• AMERICA

AMERICA: § Antiquities) now stand, still See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the greater part of the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population .