See also:

• OCCLEVE (or HOCCLEVE), THOMAS (1368—1450?)

OCCLEVE (or HOCCLEVE), See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS (1368—1450?)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English poet, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born probably in 1368/9, for, See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing in 1421/2 he says he was fifty-three years old (Dialog, i . 246) . He ranks, like his more voluminous and better known contemporary See also:

• LYDGATE, JOHN (c. 1370–c. 1451)

Lydgate, among those poets who have a See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical rather than See also:

• INTRINSIC (through Fr. intrinsique, from Lat. intrinsecus, inwardly; inter, within, secus, following, from root of sequi, to follow)

intrinsic importance in English literature . Their See also:

• WORK

work rarely if ever rises above mediocrity; in neither is there even any clear See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of a poetic temperament . Yet they represented for the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the literature of their See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and kept alive, however faintly, the See also:

• TORCH (O. Fr. torche, from Med. Lat. tortia, derived from tortus, twisted, torquere, to twist)

torch handed on to them by their "'mister " See also:

• CHAUCER, GEOFFREY (? 1340-1400)

Chaucer, to whom See also:

• OCCLEVE (or HOCCLEVE), THOMAS (1368—1450?)

Occleve pays an affectionate See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute in three passages in the De Regimine Principum . What is known of Occleve's See also:

• LIFE

life has to be gathered mainly from his See also:

• WORKS

works . At eighteen or nineteen he obtained a clerkship in the Privy See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

Seal See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

Office, which he retained on and off, in spite of much grumbling, for about See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-five years . He had hoped for a See also:

• BENEFICE (Lat. beneficium, benefit)

benefice, but none came; and in 1399 he received instead a small See also:

• ANNUITY (from Lat. annus, a year)

annuity, which was not always paid as regularly as he would have wished . " The See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

Letter to See also:

• CUPID (Cupido, " desire ")

Cupid," his first poem to which we can affix a date, was translated from L'Epistre au Dieu d'Amours of Christine de See also:

• PISAN, CHRISTINE DE (1364-c. 1430)

Pisan in 1402, evidently as a sort of antidote to the moral of See also:

• TROILUS

Troilus and Cressida, to some See also:

• MSS

MSS. of which we find it attached . " La Male Regle," one of his most readable poems, written about 1406, gives some interesting glimpses of his " misruly " youth . But about 1410 he settled down to married life, and the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition of moral and religious poems . His longest work, The Regement of Princes or De Regimine Principum, written for See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• HAL

Hal shortly before his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession, is a tedious See also:

• HOMILY

homily on the virtues and vices, imitated from Aegidius de See also:

• COLONNA
• COLONNA, GIOVANNI PAOLO (circa 1637—1695)
• COLONNA, VITTORIA (1490-1547)

Colonna's work of the same name, from the supposititious See also:

• EPISTLE

epistle of See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle, known as the Secreta secretorum, and the work of Jacques de Cessoles (fl .

1300) englished later by See also:

• CAXTON, WILLIAM (c. 1422-1491)

Caxton as The See also:

• GAME

Game and Playe of Chesse . It is relieved by a proem, about a third of the whole, containing some further reminiscences of See also:

• LONDON

London See also:

• TAVERN

tavern and See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club life, in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• DIALOGUE

dialogue between the poet and a See also:

• BEGGAR

beggar . On the accession of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry V . Occleve turned his muse to the service of orthodoxy and the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, and one of his poems is a remonstrance addressed to See also:

• OLDCASTLE, SIR JOHN (d. 1417)

Oldcastle, calling upon him to " rise up, a manly See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight, out of the See also:

• SLOUGH

slough of See also:

• HERESY

heresy." Then a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long illness was followed for a time, as he tells us, by See also:

• INSANITY (from Lat. in, not, and sanus, sound)

insanity . His " Dialog with a Friend," written after his recovery, gives a naive and pathetic picture of the poor poet, now fifty-three, with sight and mind impaired, but with hopes still See also:

• LEFT

left of writing a See also:

• TALE (O.Eng. talu, number, account, story; the word is common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Zahl, number, Erzahlung, narrative, Du. taal, speech, language)

tale he owes his See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• PATRON

patron, See also:

• HUMPHREY (or HUMFREY), LAWRENCE (1527?-1590)

Humphrey of See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester, and of translating a small Latin See also:

• TREATISE

treatise, Scite Mori, before he See also:

• DIES, CHRISTOPH ALBERT (1755-1822)

dies . His hopes were fulfilled in his moralized tales of " Jereslaus' Wife " and of " Jonathas," both from the Gesta Romanorum, which, with his " Learn to See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die," belong to his old See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . After finally retiring from his privy seal clerkship, he was granted in 1424 sustenance for life in the priory of Southsvick, Hants, on which, with his former annuity, he appears to have lived till about the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the century . A " Balade to my gracious See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord of See also:

• YORKE (1757-1834)
• YORKE, CHARLES (1722-1770)

Yorke " probably See also:

• DATES

dates from 1448 or later . The See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• INTEREST

interest for us in Occleve's poems is that they are characteristic of his time . His See also:

• HYMNS

hymns to the Virgin, balades to patrons, complaints to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king and the king's treasurer, versified homilies and moral tales, with warnings to heretics like Old-See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle, are illustrative of the blight that had fallen upon See also:

• POETRY

poetry on the See also:

• DEATH

death of Chaucer . The nearest approach to the realistic See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch of his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master is to be found in Occleve's " Male Regle." But these pictures of 15th-century London are without even the occasional flash of See also:

• HUMOUR (Latin humor)

humour that lightens up Lydgate's London Lackpenny . Yet Occleve has at least the negative virtue of knowing the limits of his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers .

He says simply what he means, and does not affect what he does not feel . A Londoner, to whom the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country was evidently a See also:

• BORE

bore, he has not afflicted us with artificial May mornings; and it is doubtful whether a single reference to nature can be found among his poems . He has yet another distinction among his contemporaries: he wrote no See also:

• ALLEGORY (iXXos, other, and ayopeuav, to speak)

allegory . Whether we ascribe it to his lack of See also:

• ENGINE
• ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

engine," or to the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Chaucer when in his later years he had discovered the limitations of this poetic form, we cannot but be grateful to the poet who has spared us . As a metrist Occleve is also modest of his powers . He confesses that Fader Chaucer fayn wolde han me taught, But I was dul and learned lite or naught; and it is true that the scansion of his verses seems occasionally to require, in See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion, an See also:

• ACCENT

accent on an unstressed syllable . Yet his seven-See also:

• LINE

line (or rime royale) and eight-line stanzas, to which he limited himself, are perhaps more frequently reminiscent of Chaucer's See also:

• RHYTHM (Greek pvBµds, from bap, to flow)

rhythm than are those of Lydgate . A poem, " Ad beatam Virginem," generally known as the " See also:

• MOTHER

Mother of See also:

• GOD

God," and once attributed to Chaucer, is copied among Occleve's works in MS . Phillipps 8151 (See also:

• CHELTENHAM

Cheltenham), and may thus be regarded as his work . Occleve found an admirer in the 17th century in See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• BROWNE
• BROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD (18,1–1891)
• BROWNE, ISAAC HAWKINS (1705-1760)
• BROWNE, JAMES (1793–1841)
• BROWNE, MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, COUNT VON, BARON DE CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757)
• BROWNE, PETER (?1665-1735)
• BROWNE, ROBERT (1550-1633)
• BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839–1896)
• BROWNE, SIR THOMAS (1605-1682)
• BROWNE, WILLIAM (1591–1643)
• BROWNE, WILLIAM GEORGE (1768-1813)

Browne, who included his " Jonathas " in the Shepheards See also:

• PIPE

Pipe (1614) . Browne added a eulogy of the old poet, whose works he intended to publish in their entirety (Works, ed . W .

C . See also:

• HAZLITT, WILLIAM (1778-1830)

Hazlitt, 1869, ii . 196-198) . In 1796 See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• MASON, FRANCIS (1799—1874)
• MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)
• MASON, GEORGE HEMMING (1818–1872)
• MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)
• MASON, JOHN (1586-1635)
• MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859)
• MASON, LOWELL (1792—1872)
• MASON, SIR JOHN (1503–1566)
• MASON, SIR JOSIAH (1795-1881)
• MASON, WILLIAM (1725—1797)

Mason printed six Poems by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Hoccleve never before printed ... ; " De Regimine Principum " was printed for the See also:

• ROXBURGHE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Roxburghe Club in 186o, and by the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early English See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

Text Society in 1897 . See Dr F . J . See also:

• FURNIVALL, FREDERICK JAMES (1825-1910)

Furnivall's introduction to Iloccleve's Works; I . The See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor Poems, in the Phillipps MS . 8151, and the See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham MS . III . 9 (Early English Text Society, 1892) .

(W . S .