See also:

• ODOACER, or ODOVACAR (c. 434-493)

ODOACER, or ODOVACAR (c. 434-493)  , the first See also:

• BARBARIAN (Gr. fap/3apos)

barbarian ruler of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy on the downfall of the Western See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district bordering on the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle See also:

• DANUBE (Ger. Donau, Hungarian Duna, Rumanian Dunarea, Lat. Danubius or Danuvius, and in the lower part of its course Ister)

Danube about the See also:

• YEAR

year 434 . In this district the once See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich and fertile provinces of See also:

• NORICUM (Noricus ager)

Noricum and See also:

• PANNONIA

Pannonia were being torn piecemeal from the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman empire by a See also:

• CROWD, CROUTH, CROWTH

crowd of See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German tribes, among whom we discern four, who seem to have hovered over the Danube from See also:

• PASSAU

Passau to Pest, namely, the Rugii, Scyrri, Turcilingi and See also:

• HERULI

Heruli . With all of these See also:

• ODOACER, or ODOVACAR (c. 434-493)

Odoacer was connected by his subsequent career, and all seem, more or less, to have claimed him as be-longing to them by See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth; the See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence slightly preponderates in favour of his descent from the Scyrri . His See also:

• FATHER

father was Aedico or Idico, a name which suggests Edeco the Hun, who was suborned by the See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court to See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot the assassination of his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master See also:

• ATTILA (d. 453)

Attila . There are, however, 1Odo must be distinguished from two See also:

• ENGLISH

English prelates of the same name and also from an English See also:

• EARL

earl . See also:

• ODO

Odo or Oda (d . 959), See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, was See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Ramsbury from 927 to 942, and went with See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King A thelstan to the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Brunanburh in 937 . In 942 he succeeded Wulfhelm as archbishop of Canterbury, and he appears to have been an able and conscientious ruler of the see . He had See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence with King See also:

• EDWY (EADWIG)

Edwy, whom he had crowned in 956 . Odo (d . 1200), See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of Battle, was a See also:

• MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
• MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
• MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
• MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)

monk of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, Canterbury, and was See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior of this See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time when See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• BECKET, THOMAS (c. 1118—1170)

Becket was murdered . In 1175 he was chosen abbot of Battle, and on two occasions the efforts of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II. alone prevented him from being elected archbishop of Canterbury .

Odo or Odda (d. to56), a relative of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward the See also:

• CONFESSOR

Confessor, during whose reign he was an earl in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, built the See also:

• MINSTER
• MINSTER (from Lat. monasterium; cf. German Munster)

minster at Deerhurst in See also:

• GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Gloucestershire.some strong arguments against this See also:

• IDENTIFICATION (Lat. idem, the same)

identification . A certain Edica, See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the Scyrri, of whom Jordanes speaks as defeated by the See also:

• OSTROGOTHS, or EAST GOTHS

Ostrogoths, may more probably have been the father of Odoacer, though even in this theory there are some difficulties, chiefly connected with the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate in which he appears before us in the next See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of his See also:

• LIFE

life, when as a tall See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young recruit for the Roman armies, dressed in a sordid vesture of skins, on his way to Italy, he enters the See also:

• CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

cell of See also:

• SEVERINUS

Severinus, a noted See also:

• HERMIT

hermit-See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint of Noricum, to ask his blessing . The saint had an inward See also:

• PREMONITION (from Lat. prae, before, monere, to advise or warn)

premonition of his future greatness, and in blessing him said, " Fare onward into Italy . See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

Thou who See also:

• ART

art now clothed in vile raiment wilt soon give See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious gifts unto many." Odoacer was probably about See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age when he thus See also:

• LEFT

left his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country and entered the imperial service . By the year 472 he had risen to some See also:

• EMINENCE (Lat. eminentia)

eminence, since it is expressly recorded that he sided with the patrician See also:

• RICIMER (d. 472)

Ricimer in his See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel with the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• ANTHEMIUS

Anthemius . In the year 475, by one of the endless re-volutions which marked the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the Western empire, the emperor See also:

• NEPOS, CORNELIUS (c. 99–24 B.C.)
• NEPOS, JULIUS

Nepos was driven into See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile, and the successful See also:

• REBEL, JOHANN PETER (176o-1826)

rebel See also:

• ORESTES

Orestes was enabled to See also:

• ARRAY (from the O. Fr. areyer, Med. Lat. arredare, to get ready)

array in the See also:

• PURPLE

purple his son, a handsome boy of fourteen or fifteen, who was named See also:

• ROMULUS

Romulus after his grandfather, and nicknamed Augustulus, from his inability to See also:

• PLAY

play the See also:

• PART

part of the great See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus . Before this puppet emperor had been a year on the See also:

• THRONE

throne the barbarian mercenaries, who were chiefly See also:

• DRAWN

drawn from the Danubian tribes before mentioned, See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose in See also:

• MUTINY
• MUTINY (from an old verb " mutine," O. Fr. mutin, meutin, a sedition; cf. mod. Fr. emeute; the original is the Late Lat. mota, commotion, from movere, to move)

mutiny, demanding to be made proprietors of one-third of the See also:

• SOIL

soil of Italy . To this See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request Orestes returned a See also:

• PEREMPTORY

peremptory negative . Odoacer now offered his See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-soldiers to obtain for them all that they desired if they would seat him on the throne . On the 23rd of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 476 he was proclaimed king; five days later Orestes was made prisoner at Placentia and beheaded; and on the 4th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• PAULUS
• PAULUS (older form PAur.Lus), LUCIUS AEMILIUS
• PAULUS, HEINRICH

Paulus was defeated and slain near See also:

• RAVENNA
• RAVENNA, EXARCHATE OF

Ravenna . See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome at once accepted the new ruler . Augustulus was compelled to descend from the throne, but his life was spared .

Odoacer was See also:

• FORTY

forty-two years of age when he thus became chief ruler of Italy, and he reigned thirteen years with undisputed sway . Our See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information as to this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period is very slender, but we can perceive that the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration was conducted as much as possible on the lines of the old imperial See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . The See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of the barbarian soldiers on the lands of Italy probably affected the great landowners rather than the labouring class . To the See also:

• HERD (a word common to Teutonic languages; the O. Eng. form was heord; cf. Ger. Herde, Swed. and Dan. hjord; the Sans. ca'rdhas, which shows the pre-Teutonic form, means a troop)

herd of coloni and semi, by whom in their various degrees the See also:

• LAND

land was actually cultivated, it probably made little difference, except as a See also:

• MATTER

matter of sentiment, whether the master whom they served called himself Roman or Rugian . We have one most interesting example, though in a small way, of such a See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

transfer of land with its appurtenant slaves and See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, in the donation made by Odoacer himself to his faithful follower Pierius.2 Few things bring more vividly before the reader the continuity of legal and social life in the midst of the tremendous ethnical changes of the 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century than the perusal of such a See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record . The same fact, from a slightly different point of view, is illustrated by the curious See also:

• HISTORY

history (recorded by Malchus) of the embassies to See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople . The dethroned emperor Nepos sent ambassadors (in 477 or 478) to See also:

• ZENO

Zeno, emperor of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, begging his aid in the reconquest of Italy . These ambassadors met a deputation from the Roman See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate, sent nominally by the command of Augustulus, really no doubt by that of Odoacer, the purport of whose See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission was that they did not need a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate emperor . One was sufficient to defend the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of either See also:

• REALM

realm . The senate had chosen Odoacer, whose knowledge of military affairs and whose statesmanship admirably fitted him for preserving See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order in that part of the See also:

• WORLD

world, and they there-fore prayed Zeno to confer upon him the dignity of patrician, and entrust the " See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese " of Italy to his care . Zeno returned a harsh See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to the senate, requiring them to return to their See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to Nepos . In fact, however, he did nothing for the fallen emperor, but accepted the new order of things, and even addressed Odoacer as patrician .

On the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, the latter 2 Published in See also:

• MARINI (or MARINO), GIAMBATTISTA (1569-1625)

Marini's Papiri diplomatici (Rome, 1815, Nos . 82 and 83) and in See also:

• SPANGENBERG, AUGUST GOTTLIEB (1704–1192)

Spangenberg's See also:

• JURIS

Juris Romani Tabuloe (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1822, pp . 164-173), and well worthy of careful study . sent the ornaments of empire, the diadem and purple robe, to Constantinople as an See also:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENT (from the old acknow, a compound of on- and know, to know by the senses, which passed through the forms oknow, aknow and acknow; acknowledge is formed on analogy of " knowledge ")

acknowledgment of the fact that he did not claim supreme See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . Our information as to the actual See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title assumed by the new ruler is somewhat confused . He does not appear to have called himself king of Italy . His king-See also:

• SHIP

ship seems to have marked only his relation to his See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic followers, among whom he was " king of the Turcilingi," " king of the Heruli," and so forth, according to the See also:

• NATIONALITY

nationality with which he was dealing . By the Roman inhabitants of Italy he was addressed as " See also:

• DOMINUS (from an Indo-European root dam-, cf. Gr. Sapav, to subdue, and Eng. " tame ")

dominus See also:

• POSTER

poster," but his right to exercise power would in their eyes See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest, in theory, on his recognition as patricius by the Byzantine Augustus . At the same time he marked his own high pretensions by assuming the prefix Flavius, a See also:

• REMINISCENCE (from Lat. reminisci, to remember)

reminiscence of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early emperors, to which the barbarian rulers of realms formed out of the Roman See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state seem to have been peculiarly partial . His See also:

• INTERNAL

internal administration was probably, upon the whole, See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

wise and moderate, though we hear some complaints of See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial oppression, and he may be looked upon. as a not altogether unworthy predecessor of See also:

• THEODORIC

Theodoric . In the history of the papacy Odoacer figures as the author of a See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree promulgated at the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of See also:

• FELIX
• FELIX, ANTONIUS
• FELIX, LIA (1830– )

Felix II. in 483, forbidding the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope to alienate any of the lands or ornaments of the Roman Church, and threatening any pope who should infringe this See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

edict with See also:

• ANATHEMA (from Gr. avarz6 'cu, to lift up)

anathema . This decree was loudly condemned in a See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod held by Pope See also:

• SYMMACHUS

Symmachus (502) as an unwarrantable interference of the See also:

• CIVIL

civil power with the concerns of the church .

The chief events in the See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign policy of Odoacer were his Dalmatian and Rugian See also:

• WARS

wars . In the year 48o the ex-emperor Nepos, who ruled See also:

• DALMATIA (Ger. Dalmatien; Ital. Dalmazia; Serbo-Croatian, Dalmacija)

Dalmatia, was traitorously assassinated in See also:

• DIOCLETIAN (GAIUs AURELIUS VALERIUS DIOCLETIANUS) (A.D. 245–313)
• DIOCLETIAN, EDICT OF (De Pretiis rerum venalium)

Diocletian's See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace at See also:

• SPALATO, or SPALATRO (Serbo-Croatian Spljet or Split)

Spalato by the See also:

• COUNTS

counts Viator and Ovida . In the following year Odoacer invaded Dalmatia, slew the murderer Ovida, and reannexed Dalmatia to the Western state . In 487 he appeared as an invader in his own native Danubian lands . See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out between him and Feletheus, king of the Rugians . Odoacer entered the Rugian territory, defeated Feletheus, and carried him and" his noxious wife" Gisa prisoners to Ravenna . In the following year See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick, son of the See also:

• CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive king, endeavoured to raise again the fallen fortunes of his house, but was defeated by Onulf, brother of Odoacer, and, being forced to flee, took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge at the court of Theodoric the Ostrogoth, at See also:

• SISTOVA (Bulg. Svishtov)

Sistova on the See also:

• LOWER

lower Danube . This Rugian war was probably an indirect cause of the fall of Odoacer . His increasing power rendered him too formidable to the Byzantine court, with whom his relations had for some time been growing less friendly . At the same time, Zeno was embarrassed by the formidable neighbourhood of Theodoric and his Ostrogothic warriors, who were almost equally See also:

• BURDEN, or BURTHEN

burden-some as enemies or as See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies . In these circumstances arose the See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of Theodoric's invasion of Italy, a plan by whom originated it would be difficult to say . Whether the land when conquered was to be held by the Ostrogoth in full See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty,' or ad-ministered by him as See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant of Zeno, is a point upon which our information is ambiguous, and which was perhaps intention-ally left vague by the two contracting parties, whose chief anxiety was not to see one another's faces again .

The details of the Ostrogothic invasion of Italy belong properly to the life of Theodoric . It is sufficient to state here that he entered Italy in August 489, defeated Odoacer at the Isontius (Isonzo) on the 28th of August, and at See also:

• VERONA
• VERONA, CONGRESS OF

Verona on the 3oth of September . Odoacer then shut himself up in Ravenna, and there maintained himself for four years, with one brief gleam of success, during which he emerged from his hiding-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place and fought the battle of the Addua (11th August 490), in which he was again defeated . A sally from Ravenna (loth See also:

• JULY

July 491) was again the occasion of a murderous defeat . At length, the See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine in Ravenna having become almost intolerable, and the Goths despairing of ever taking the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city by See also:

• ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

assault, negotiations were opened for a See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise (a 5th See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 493) . See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, archbishop of Ravenna, acted as mediator . It was stipulated that Ravenna should be surrendered, that Odoacer's life should be spared, and that he and Theodoric should be recognized as See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint rulers of the Roman state . The arrangement was evidently a See also:

• PRECARIOUS

precarious one, andwas soon terminated by the treachery of Theodoric . He invited his See also:

• RIVAL

rival to a banquet in the palace of the Lauretum on the 15th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March, and there slew him with his own hand . " Where is See also:

• GOD

God ? " cried Odoacer when he perceived the See also:

• AMBUSH (older form, " embush," O. Fr. embusche, from the Ital. imboscata, in and bosco, a wood)

ambush into which he had fallen . "Thus didst thou See also:

• DEAL

deal with my kinsmen," shouted Theodoric, and clove his rival with the broadsword from See also:

• SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

shoulder to flank .

Onulf, the brother of the murdered king, was shot down while attempting to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape through the palace See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden, and Thelan, his son, was not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long after put to See also:

• DEATH

death by order of the conqueror . Thus perished the whole See also:

• RACE

race of Odoacet .