See also:

• ODYSSEUS (in Latin Ulixes, incorrectly written Ulysses)

ODYSSEUS (in Latin Ulixes, incorrectly written Ulysses)  , in See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend, son of Laertes and Anticleia,'See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• ITHACA
• ITHACA ('IeaK77)

Ithaca, a famous See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero and typical representative of the Greek See also:

• RACE

race . In See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer he is one of the best and bravest of the heroes, and the favourite of See also:

• ATHENA (the Attic form of the Homeric Athene, also called Athenaia, Pallas Athene, Pallas)

Athena, whereas in later legend he is cowardly and deceitful . Soon after his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage to See also:

• PENELOPE

Penelope he was summoned to the Trojan See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war . Unwilling to go, he feigned madness, ploughing a See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field sown with See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt with an ox and an See also:

• ASS (O.E. assa; Lat. asinus)
• ASS, FEAST OF THE

ass yoked together; but Palainedes discovered his deceit by placing his See also:

• INFANT (in early forms enfaunt, enfant, through the Fr. enfant, from Lat. infans, in, not, and fans, the present participle of fari, to speak)

infant See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child See also:

• TELEMACHUS

Telemachus in front of the plough; See also:

• ODYSSEUS (in Latin Ulixes, incorrectly written Ulysses)

Odysseus afterwards revenged himself by compassing the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• PALAMEDES

Palamedes . During the war, he distinguished himself as the wisest adviser of the Greeks, and finally, the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• TROY
• TROY, JEAN FRANCOIS DE (1679–1752)

Troy, which the bravery of See also:

• ACHILLES
• ACHILLES (Gr. 'AxtXXeus)

Achilles could not accomplish, was attained by Odysseus' stratagem of the wooden See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse . After the death of Achilles the Greeks adjudged his See also:

• ARMOUR, PHILIP DANFORTH (1832-1901)

armour to Odysseus as the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man who had done most to end the war successfully . When Troy was captured he set See also:

• SAIL

sail for Ithaca, but was carried by unfavourable winds to the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . After encountering many adventures in all parts of the unknown seas, among the See also:

• LOTUS

lotus-eaters and the See also:

• CYCLOPES (KUKXW9rer, the round-eyed, plural of Cyclops)

Cyclopes, in the isles of See also:

• AEOLUS

Aeolus and See also:

• CIRCE (Gr. Kiprcrl)

Circe and the perils of Scylla and Charybdis, among the See also:

• LAESTRYGONES

Laestrygones, and even in the See also:

• WORLD

world of the dead, having lost all his See also:

• SHIPS

ships and companions, he barely escaped with his See also:

• LIFE

life to the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of See also:

• CALYPSO

Calypso, where he was detained eight years, an unwilling See also:

• LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

lover of the beautiful nymph . Then at the command of See also:

• ZEUS

Zeus he was sent homewards, but was again wrecked on the island of Phaeacia, whence he was conveyed to Ithaca in one of the wondrous Phaeacian ships . Here he found that a See also:

• HOST

host of suitors, taking See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage of the youth of his son Telemachus, were wasting his See also:

• PROPERTY

property and trying to force Penelope to marry one of them . The stratagems and disguises by which with the help of a few faithful See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends he slew the suitors are described at length in the Odyssey . The only allusion to his death is contained in the prophecy of See also:

• TEIRESIAS

Teiresias, who promised him a happy old See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age and a peaceful death from the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea .

According to a later legend, Telegonus, the son of Odysseus by Circe, was sent by her in See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search of his See also:

• FATHER

father . See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

Cast ashore on Ithaca by a See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm, he plundered the island to get See also:

• PRO

pro-visions, and was attacked by Odysseus, whom he slew . The prophecy was thus fulfilled . Telegonus, accompanied by Penelope and Telemachus, returned to his See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home with the See also:

• BODY

body of his father, whose identity he had discovered . According to E . See also:

• MEYER, CHRISTIAN ERICH HERMANN VON (18or-1869)
• MEYER, HEINRICH AUGUST WILHELM (1800-1873)
• MEYER, JULIUS LOTHAR (183o-1895)
• MEYER, KONRAD FERDINAND (1825-1898)
• MEYER, VICTOR (1848-1897)
• MEYER, [MARIE] PAUL HYACINTHE (184o- )

Meyer (See also:

• HERMES
• HERMES, GEORG (1775-1831)

Hermes, See also:

• XXX

xxx. p . 267), Odysseus is an old Arcadian nature See also:

• GOD

god identical with See also:

• POSEIDON

Poseidon, who See also:

• DIES, CHRISTOPH ALBERT (1755-1822)

dies at the approach of See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter (retires to the western sea or is carried away to the underworld) to revive in See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring (but see E . Rohde, Rhein . See also:

• MUS

Mus . I. p . 631) . A more suitable See also:

• IDENTIFICATION (Lat. idem, the same)

identification would be Hermes .

Mannhardt and others regard Odysseus as a See also:

• SOLAR, SOLLER (Lat. solarium, Fr.• galetas, Ital. solaio)

solar or summer divinity, who withdraws to the underworld during the winter, and returns in spring to See also:

• FREE

free his wife from the suitors (the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers of winter) . A . Gercke (Neue Jahrbitcher See also:

• FILE

file das klassische Altertum, xv. p . 331) takes him to be an agricultural divinity akin to the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun god, whose wife is the See also:

• MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
• MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)

moon-goddess Penelope, from whom he is separated and reunited to her on the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of the new moon . His cult See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early disappeared; in See also:

• ARCADIA

Arcadia his See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place was taken by Poseidon . But although the See also:

• PERSONALITY (from Lat. persona, originally an actor's mask, from personare,1 to sound through)

personality of Odysseus may have had its origin in some See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive religious myth, See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• INTEREST

interest attaches to him as the typical representative of the old sailor-race whose adventurous voyages educated and moulded the Hellenic race . The See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period when the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of Odysseus took shape among the Ionian bardswas when the Ionian ships were beginning ,to penetrate to the farthest shores of the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Sea and to the western See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, but when See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt had not yet been freely opened to See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign intercourse . The adventures of Odysseus were a favourite subject in See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• ART

art, in which he may usually be recognized by his conical sailor's cap . See See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article by J . See also:

• SCHMIDT, H
• SCHMIDT, HEINRICH JULIAN (1818-1886)
• SCHMIDT, KARL VON (1817-1875)
• SCHMIDT, WILHELM ADOLF (1812-1887)

Schmidt in See also:

• ROSCHER, WILHELM GEORG FRIEDRICH (1817–1894)

Roscher'e Lexikon der Mythologie (where the different forms of the name and its See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology are fully discussed); 0 . Gruppe, Griechische Mythologie, ii. pp . 624, 705-718; J .

E . See also:

• HARRISON
• HARRISON, BENJAMIN
• HARRISON, FREDERIC (1831— )
• HARRISON, JOHN (1693—1776)
• HARRISON, THOMAS (16o6-166o)
• HARRISON, THOMAS ALEXANDER (1853– )
• HARRISON, WILLIAM (1534–1593)
• HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY (1773–1841)

Harrison, Myths of the Odyssey in Art and Literature (1881), with appendix on authorities . W . Mannhardt, Wald- and Feldkulte (1905), ii. p . 106; 0 . Seeck . Gesell. See also:

• DES

des Untergangs der antiken Welt, p . 576; G . See also:

• FOUGERES

Fougeres, Mantinee et l'Arcadie orientate (1898), according'to whom Odysseus is an Arcadian chthonian divinity and Penelope a goddess of flocks and herds, akin to the Arcadian See also:

• ARTEMIS

Artemis; S . Eitrem, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die gottlichen Zwillinge bei den Griechen (1902), who identifies Odysseus with one of the Dioscuri ('OM's-yes = lloXv5euxrts) ; V . See also:

• BERARD, JOSEPH FREDERIC (1789-1828)

Berard, See also:

• LES

Les 2'heniciens et l'Odysse.e (1902-1903), who regards the Odyssey as the integration in a Greek v6oros (home-coming) of a Semitic periplus," in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a poem written 900-850 B.c. by an Ionic poet at the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of one of the Neleid See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• MILETUS (mod. Palatia)

Miletus . For an estimate of this See also:

• WORK

work, the interest of which is mainly See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical, see Classical See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review (See also:

• APRIL

April 1904) and Quarterly Review (April 1905) .

It consists of two large volumes, with 240 illustrations and maps .