OLDHAM  , a municipal See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county and See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough of See also:

• LANCASHIRE

Lancashire, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, 7 M . N.E. of See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester, on the See also:

• LONDON

London & See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-Western, See also:

• GREAT

Great Central and Lancashire & See also:

• YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways and the Oldham See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal . Pop . (1891) 131,463; (1901) 137,246 . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal railway station is called See also:

• MUMPS (syn. Cynanche parotidaea, parotitis; also, " The Branks ")

Mumps, but there are several others . The See also:

• TOWN

town lies high, near the source of the small See also:

• RIVER

river Medlock . Its growth as a manufacturing centre gives it a wholly See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance . Among several handsome churches the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest See also:

• DATES

dates only from the later 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The principal buildings and institutions include the town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, with See also:

• TETRASTYLE (Gr. ehpa-, four, and ari)aos, a column)

tetrastyle See also:

• PORTICO (Ital. for " porch," Lat. porticus)

portico copied from the Ionic See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple of See also:

• CERES

Ceres near See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, the reference library, See also:

• ART

art See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery and museum, the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street See also:

• BATHS

baths, commemorating See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• PEEL
• PEEL, ARTHUR WELLESLEY PEEL, 1ST VISCOUNT (1829- )
• PEEL, SIR ROBERT, BART

Peel the statesman, and the county See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court . Of educational establishments the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief are the See also:

• LYCEUM

Lyceum, a See also:

• BUILDING

building in See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, containing See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools of art and See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, and including an See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory; the largely-endowed See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue-coat school founded in 18o8 by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Henshaw, a wealthy manufacturer of hats; the See also:

• HULME, WILLIAM (1631-1691)

Hulme See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar school (1895), and municipal technical schools . The Alexandra See also:

• PARK (Fr. part; Ital. parco; Sp. Marque; O.Eng. pearroc; connected with Ger. pferch, fold, and pfarrei, district, translating med. Lat. parochia, parish)
• PARK, EDWARDS AMASA (1808–1900)
• PARK, MUNGO (1771-1806?)

Park, opened in 1865, was laid out by operatives who were thrown out of employment owing to the See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine in the years previous to that date . The site is picturesquely undulating and terraced .

Oldham is one of the most important centres of the cotton manufactures, the See also:

• CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

consumption of cotton being about one-fifth of the See also:

• TOTAL

total importation into the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom, the factories numbering some 230, and the spindles over 13 millions, while some 35,000 operatives are employed . The principal manufactures are fustians, velvets, cords, shirtings, sheetings and nankeens . There are also large foundries and See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill and cotton machinery See also:

• WORKS

works; and works for the construction of See also:

• GAS

gas-meters and sewing-See also:

• MACHINES

machines; while all these See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries are assisted by the immediate presence of collieries . There are extensive markets and numerous fairs are held . Oldham was incorporated in 1849, and became a county borough in 1888 . The See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation consists of a See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor, 12 aldermen and 36 councillors . The parliamentary borough has returned two members since 1832 . See also:

• AREA

Area of municipal borough, 4736 acres . A See also:

• ROMAN

Roman road, of which some traces are still See also:

• LEFT

left, passes through the site of the township, but it does not appear to have been a Roman station . It is not mentioned in Domesday; but in the reign of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry III . Alwardus de Aldholme is referred to as holding See also:

• LAND

land in See also:

• VERNET

Vernet (Werneth) . A daughter and co-heiress of this Alwardus conveyed Werneth Hall and its See also:

• MANOR

manor to the Cudworths, a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Yorkshire See also:

• FAMILY

family, with whom it remained till the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• PART

part of the 18th century .

From the Oldhams was descended See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh Oldham, who died See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• EXETER
• EXETER, EARL, MARQUESS AND DUKE OF

Exeter in 1519 . From entries in the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church registers it would appear that linens were manufactured in Oldham as early as 163o . Watermills were introduced in 1770, and with the See also:

• ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption of See also:

• ARKWRIGHT, SIR RICHARD (1732-1792)

Arkwright's inventions the cotton See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew with great rapidity .