See also:

• OLIVIER, JUSTE DANIEL (1807-1876)

OLIVIER EMILE See also:

• OLIVIER EMILE OLLIVIER (1825— )

OLLIVIER (1825— )  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• MARSEILLES

Marseilles on the 2nd of See also:

• JULY

July 1825 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• DEMOSTHENES

Demosthenes 011ivier (1799—1884), was a vehement opponent of the July See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy, and was returned by Marseilles to the Constituent See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly in 1848 . His opposition to See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon led to his banishment after the coup d'etat of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1851, and he only returned to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France in 186o . On the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short-lived Second See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic his father's See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence with Ledru-See also:

• ROLLIN, CHARLES (1661-1741)

Rollin secured for Emile 011ivier the position of See also:

• COMMISSARY (from Med. Lat. commissaries, one to whom a charge or trust is committed)

commissary-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of Bouches-du-See also:

• RHONE
• RHONE (Fr. Rhone, Lat. Rhodanus)

Rhone . 011ivier was then twenty-three and had just been called to the Parisian See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar . Less See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical in his See also:

• POLITICAL

political opinions than his father, his repression of a socialist outbreak at Marseilles commended him to General See also:

• CAVAIGNAC, JEAN BAPTISTE (1762–1829)
• CAVAIGNAC, LOUIS EUGENE (1802–1857)

Cavaignac, who continued him in his functions by making him See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect of the department . He was shortly afterwards removed to the comparatively unimportant prefecture of Chaumont (Haute-See also:

• MARNE

Marne), a semi-disgrace which he ascribed to his father's enemies . He therefore resigned from the See also:

• CIVIL

civil service to take up practice at the bar, where his brilliant abilities assured his success . He re-entered political See also:

• LIFE

life in 1857 as See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy for the 3rd circumscription of the See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine . His candidature had been sup-ported by the Siecle, and he joined the constitutional opposition . With See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred Darimon, Jules See also:

• FAVRE, JEAN ALPHONSE (1815-1890)
• FAVRE, JULES CLAUDE GABRIEL (1809-1880)

Favre, J . L. flexion and Ernest See also:

• PICARD, LOUIS JOSEPH ERNEST (1821-1877)

Picard he formed the See also:

• GROUP

group known as See also:

• LES

Les Cinq, which wrung from Napoleon III. some concessions in the direction of constitutional See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government .

The imperial See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree of the 24th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November, permitting the insertion of See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary reports in the Moniteur, and an address from the See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

Corps Legislatif in reply to the speech from the See also:

• THRONE

throne, were welcomed by him as a first See also:

• INSTALMENT (for earlier stallment or estallment, from Fr. estaler, to fix, arrange; the change is probably due to the influence of the verb " install ")

instalment of reform . This acquiescence marked a consider-able See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of attitude, for only a See also:

• YEAR

year previously a violent attack on the imperial government, in the course of a See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of See also:

• ETIENNE, CHARLES GUILLAUME (1778-1845)

Etienne See also:

• VACHEROT, ETIENNE (1809-1897)

Vacherot, brought to trial for the publication of La Democratic, had resulted in his suspension from the bar for three months . He gradually separated from his old associates, who grouped themselves around Jules Favre, and during the session of 1866—1867 011ivier formed a third party, which definitely supported the principle of a Liberal See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire . On the last See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day of December 1866, See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count A . F . J . See also:

• WALEWSKI, ALEXANDRE FLORIAN JOSEPH COLONNA, COIITE (1810-1868)

Walewski, acting in continuance of negotiations already begun by the duc de See also:

• MORNY, CHARLES AUGUSTE LOUIS JOSEPH

Morny, offered 011ivier the See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry of See also:

• EDUCATION

education with the See also:

• FUNCTION

function of representing the general policy of the government in the Chamber . The imperial decree of the 19th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1867, together with the promise inserted in the Moniteur of a relaxation of the stringency of the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press See also:

• LAWS

laws and of concessions in respect of the right of public See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting, failed to satisfy 011ivier's demands, and he refused See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . On the See also:

• EVE

eve of the general See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of 1869 he published a manifesto, Le Ig janvier, in See also:

• JUSTIFICATION

justification of his policy . The senatus-consulte of the 8th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1869 gave the two See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

chambers the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary parliamentary rights, and was followed by the dismissal of See also:

• ROUHER, EUGENE (1814-1884)

Rouher and the formation in the last See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week of 1869 of a responsible ministry of which M . 011ivier was really premier, although that office was not nominally recognized by the constitution . The new See also:

• CABINET

cabinet, known as the ministry of the 2nd of January, had a hard task before it, complicated a week after its formation by the See also:

• SHOOTING

shooting of See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor Noir by See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre See also:

• BONAPARTE

Bonaparte .

011ivier immediately summoned the high See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice for the See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment of Prince Bonaparte and Prince See also:

• JOACHIM, JOSEPH (1831—1907)

Joachim See also:

• MURAT, JOACHIM (1767—1815)

Murat . The riots following on the See also:

• MURDER

murder were suppressed without bloodshed; circulars were sent See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round to the prefects forbidding them in future to put pressure on the See also:

• ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors in favour of See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official candidates; See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron See also:

• HAUSSMANN, GEORGES EUGENE, BARON (1809–1891)

Haussmann was dismissed from the prefecture of the Seine; the violence of the press See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign against the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, to whom he had promised a happy old See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, was broken by the See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution of See also:

• HENRI

Henri See also:

• ROCHEFORT
• ROCHEFORT, HENRI, MARQUIS DE

Rochefort; and on the 20th of See also:

• APRIL

April a senatus-consulte was issued which accomplished the transformation of the Empire into a constitutional monarchy . Neither concessions nor firmness sufficed to appease the " Irreconcilables " of the opposition, who since the relaxation of the press laws were able to influence the electorate . On the 8th of May, however, the amended constitution was submitted, on Rouher's See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice, to a See also:

• PLEBISCITE (Lat. plebiscitum, a decree of the plebs)

plebiscite, which resulted in a See also:

• VOTE

vote of nearly seven to one in favour of the government . The most distinguished members of the See also:

• LEFT

Left in his cabinet—L . J . See also:

• BUFFET
• BUFFET, LOUIS JOSEPH (1818-1898)

Buffet, Napoleon See also:

• DARU, PIERRE ANTOINE NOEL BRUNO, COUNT (1767-1829)

Daru and Talhouet See also:

• ROY, WILLIAM (1726-1790)

Roy-resigned in April on the question of the plebiscite . 011ivier himself held the ministry of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign affairs for a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks, until Daru was replaced by the duc de See also:

• GRAMONT, ANTOINE AGENOR ALFRED
• GRAMONT, PHILIBERT, COMTE DE (1621-1707)

Gramont, destined to be 011ivier's evil See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius . The other vacancies were filled by J . P . Mege and C . I .

Plichon, both of them of Conservative tendencies . The revival of the candidature of Prince See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold of See also:

• HOHENZOLLERN

Hohenzollern-See also:

• SIGMARINGEN

Sigmaringen for the throne of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 187o disconcerted 011ivier's plans . The French government, following Gramont's advice, instructed See also:

• BENEDETTI, VINCENT, COUNT (1817--1900)

Benedetti to demand from the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia a formal disavowal of the Hohenzollern candidature . 011ivier allowed himself to be gained by the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war party . The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of Benedetti's reception at See also:

• EMS

Ems and of See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck's manipulation of the Ems telegram is told elsewhere (see BISMARCK) . It is unlikely that 011ivier could have prevented the eventual outbreak of war, but he might perhaps have postponed it at that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, if he had taken time to hear Benedetti's See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the incident . He was outmanoeuvred by Bismarck, and on the 15th of July he made a hasty See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

declaration in the Chamber that the Prussian government had issued to the See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers a See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note announcing the rebuff received by Benedetti . He obtained a war vote of 500,000,000 francs, and used the fatal words that he accepted the responsibility of the war " with a See also:

• LIGHT

light See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart," saying that the war had been forced on France . On the gth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, with the See also:

• NEWS

news of the first disaster, the 011ivier cabinet was driven from office, and its See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief sought See also:

• REFUGE

refuge from the general rage in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . He returned to France in 1873, but although he carried on an active campaign in the Bonapartist Estafette his political See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power was gone, and even in his own party he came into collision in 188o with M . See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul de See also:

• CASSAGNAC, BERNARD ADOLPHE GRANIER DE (1806—1880)

Cassagnac . During his retirement he employed himself in See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing a See also:

• HISTORY

history of L'Empire liberal, the first See also:

• VOLUME

volume of which appeared in 1895 .

The See also:

• WORK

work really dealt with the remote and immediate causes of the war, and was the author's See also:

• APOLOGY (from Gr. &aoXoyia, defence)

apology for his blunder . The 13th volume showed that the immediate blame could not justly be placed entirely on his shoulders . His other See also:

• WORKS

works include Democratic et liberte (1867), Le Ministere du 2 janvier, See also:

• MES

mes discours (1875), Principes et conduite (1895), L'Eglise et l'Etat au concile du Vatican (2 vols., 1879), Solutions politiques et sociales (1893), Nouveau See also:

• MANUEL, EUGENE (1823–1901)
• MANUEL, JACQUES ANTOINE (1775-1827)
• MANUEL, LOUIS PIERRE (1751-1793)

Manuel du droll ecclesiastique See also:

• FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

francais (1885) . He had many connexions with the See also:

• LITERARY

literary and See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic See also:

• WORLD

world, being one of the early Parisian champions of See also:

• WAGNER, ADOLF (1835- )
• WAGNER, RUDOLPH (1805-1864)
• WAGNER, WILHELM RICHARD (1813-1883)

Wagner; Elected to the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy in 187o, he did not take his seat, his reception being indefinitely postponed . His first wife, Blandine See also:

• LISZT, FRANZ (1811-1886)

Liszt, was the daughter of the See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe Liszt by Mme d'See also:

• AGOULT, MARIE CATHERINE SOPHIE DE FLAVIGNY, COMTESSE

Agoult (See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel Stern) . She died in 1862, and 011ivier married in 186g Mlle Gravier .