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SIR WILLIAM QUILLER ORCHARDSON (1835-...

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 168 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SIR See also:WILLIAM QUILLER See also:ORCHARDSON (1835-1910)  , See also:British painter, was See also:born in See also:Edinburgh, where his See also:father was engaged in business, in 1835 . " See also:Orchardson " is a variation of " Urquhartson," the name of a Highland See also:sept settled on See also:Loch Ness, from which the painter is descended . At the See also:age of fifteen he was sent to the Trustees' See also:Academy, then under the mastership of See also:Robert See also:Scott See also:Lauder, where he had as See also:fellow-students most of those who afterwards See also:shed lustre on the Scottish school of the second See also:half of the 19th See also:century . As a student he was not especially precocious or industrious, but his See also:work was distinguished by a See also:peculiar reserve, by an unusual determination that his See also:hand should be subdued to his See also:eye, with the result that his See also:early things reach their own ideal as surely as those of his maturity . By the See also:time he was twenty, Orchardson had mastered the essentials of his See also:art, and had produced at least one picture which might be accepted as representative, a portrait of Mr See also:John Hutchison, the sculptor . For seven years after this he worked in Edinburgh, some of his See also:attention being given to " See also:black and See also:white," his practice in which had been partly acquired at a See also:sketch See also:club, which included among its members Mr See also:Hugh See also:Cameron, Mr See also:Peter See also:Graham, Mr See also:George See also:Hay, Mr M'Taggart, Mr John Hutchison and others . In 1862 he came to See also:London, and established himself in 37 See also:Fitzroy Square, where he was joined twelve months later by his friend John See also:Pettie . The same See also:house was afterwards inhabited by See also:Ford Madox See also:Brown . ' The See also:English public was not immediately attracted by See also:Orchard-son's work . It was too quiet to compel attention at the Royal Academy, and Pettie, Orchardson's junior by four years, stepped before him for a time, and became the most readily accepted member of the school . Orchardson confined himself to the simplest themes and designs, to the most reticent schemes of See also:colour . Among his best pictures during the first eighteen years after his See also:migration to London were " The See also:Challenge," " See also:Christopher Sly," " See also:Queen of the Swords," " Conditional See also:Neutrality," " Hard See also:Hit "—perhaps the best of all—and protraits of Mr See also:Charles See also:Moxon, his father-in-See also:law, and of his own wife .

In all these See also:

good See also:judgment and a refined See also:imagination were See also:united to a restrained but consummate technical dexterity . During these same years he made a few drawings on See also:wood, turning to See also:account his early facility in this mode . The See also:period between 1862 and 188o was one of quiet ambitions, of a See also:character istic insouciance, of See also:life accepted as a thing of many-balanced interests rather than as a See also:matter of See also:sturm and drang . In 1865 Pettie married, and the Fitzroy Square See also:menage was broken up . In 1868 Orchardson was elected A.R.A . In 1870 he spent the summer in See also:Venice, travelling See also:home in the early autumn through a See also:France overrun by the See also:German armies . In 1873 he married See also:Miss See also:Helen Moxon; and in 1877 he was elected to the full member-See also:ship of the Royal Academy . In this same See also:year he finished See also:building a house at Westgate-on-See also:Sea, with an open See also:tennis-See also:court and a studio in the See also:garden . He was knighted in See also:June 1907, and died in London on the 13th of See also:April 1910 . Orchardson's wider popularity See also:dates from 1881 . To that year's Academy he sent the large " On See also:Board the See also:Bellerophon," which now hangs in the See also:Tate See also:Gallery . Its success with the public was See also:great and instantaneous, and for ten or twelve years Orchard-son's work was more eagerly looked for at the Academy than that of any one else .

He followed up the " Bellerophon " with the still finer " See also:

Voltaire," now in the Kunsthalle at See also:Hamburg . Technically, the " Voltaire " is, perhaps, his high-See also:water See also:mark . See also:Fine both in See also:design and colour, it is carried out with a supple dexterity of hand which has scarcely been equalled in the British school since the See also:death of See also:Gainsborough . The subject is not entirely happy, for it does not explain itself, but requires a previous knowledge on the See also:part of the spectator of how Voltaire was beaten by the servants of the See also:Chevalier de See also:Rohan-See also:Cabot, and how the duc de See also:Sully failed to avenge his See also:guest . The painter was attracted by the opportunity it gave for effective opposition of character, See also:line, colour and See also:movement . The " Voltaire " was at the Academy of 1883; it was followed, in 1884, by the " Mariage de convenance," perhaps the most popular of all Orchardson's pictures; in 1885, by " The See also:Salon of Madame See also:Recamier "; in 1886, by " After," the sequel to the " Mariage de convenance," and " A See also:Tender Chord," one of his most exquisite productions; in 1887, by " The First See also:Cloud "; in 1888, by " Her See also:Mother's See also:Voice "; and in 1889, by " The See also:Young See also:Duke," a See also:canvas on which he returned to much the same pictorial See also:scheme as that of the " Voltaire." Subsequently he exhibited, a See also:series of pictures in which fine pictorial use was made of the See also:furniture and costumes of the early years of the 19th century, the subjects, as a See also:rule, being only just enough to suggest a See also:title: " An See also:Enigma," " A Social Eddy," " Reflections," " If See also:music be the See also:food of love, See also:play on!" " Music, when sweet voices See also:die, vibrates on the memory," " Her First See also:Dance,"—in these, opportunities are made to introduce old harpsichords, spinets, early pianofortes, See also:Empire chairs, sofas and tables, See also:Aubusson carpets, See also:short-waisted gowns, delicate in material and See also:primitive in See also:ornament . Between such things and Orchardson's methods as .a painter the sympathy is See also:close, so that the best among them, " A Tender Chord," for instance, or " Music, when sweet voices die," have a rare distinction . As a portrait-painter Orchardson must be placed in the first class . His portraits are not numerous, but among them are a few which rise to the highest level reached by See also:modern art . " See also:Master Baby," a picture, connecting subject-See also:painting with See also:portraiture, is a masterpiece of design, colour and broad See also:execution . " Mrs See also:Joseph," " Mrs Ralli," " See also:Sir See also:Andrew See also:Walker, See also:Bart.," " Charles Moxon, Esq.," " Mrs Orchardson," " Conditional Neutrality " (a portrait of Orchardson's eldest son as a boy of six), " See also:Lord Rookwood," " The See also:Provost of See also:Aberdeen," and, above all, " Sir See also:Walter See also:Gilbey, Bart.," would all deserve a See also:place in any See also:list of the best portraits of the 19th century . In this See also:branch of art the " Sir Walter Gilbey " may fairly be called the painter's masterpiece, although the sumptuous full-length of the Scottish provost, in his See also:robes, runs it closely .

The scheme of colour is reticent; had the picture been exhibited at the time of the See also:

Boer See also:War of 'goo the colour would have been called See also:khaki; the design is See also:simple, uniting nature to art with a rare felicity; and the likeness has been found satisfactory by the sitter's See also:friends . The most important See also:commission ever received by Orchardson as a portrait-painter was that for a See also:group of Queen See also:Victoria, with her son (afterwards See also:King See also:Edward VII.), See also:grandson, and great-grandson, to be painted on one canvas for the Royal Agricultural Society . The painter hit upon a happy notion for the bringing of the four figures together, and as time goes on and the picture slowly turns into See also:history, its merit is likely to be better appreciated . He continued painting to the end of his life, and had three portraits ready for the Royal Academy in 191o . Orchardson's method was that of one who worked under a creative, decorative and subjective impulse, rather than under one derived from a wish to observe and See also:record . His See also:affiliation is with See also:Watteau and Gainsborough, rather than with those who would See also:base all pictorial art on a keen eye for actuality and " value." Among See also:French painters his pictures have excited particular admiration . (W .

End of Article: SIR WILLIAM QUILLER ORCHARDSON (1835-1910)
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