ORDERIC VITALIS (1075-C. 1142)  , the chronicler, was the son of a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest, Odeler of See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans, who had entered the service of See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger See also:

• MONTGOMERY
• MONTGOMERY ( Tre' Faldwyn)
• MONTGOMERY, GABRIEL, SEIGNEUR DE LORGES, COMTE DE (c. 1530-1574)
• MONTGOMERY, JAMES (1771-1854)
• MONTGOMERY, ROBERT (1807-1855)

Montgomery, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• SHREWSBURY
• SHREWSBURY, CHARLES TALBOT, DUKE OF (166o-1718)
• SHREWSBURY, DUKE
• SHREWSBURY, EARLS OF
• SHREWSBURY, ELIZABETH TALBOT, COUNTESS OF (1518–16o8)
• SHREWSBURY, JOHN TALBOT, 1ST EARL OF (d. 1453)

Shrewsbury, and had received from his See also:

• PATRON

patron a See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel in that See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . Orderic was the eldest son of his parents . They sent him at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of five to learn his letters from an See also:

• ENGLISH

English priest, See also:

• SIWARD (d. 1055)

Siward by name, who kept a school in the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of SS See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter and See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul at Shrewsbury . When eleven years old he was entered as a novice in the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman monastery of St Evroul en Ouche, which Earl Roger had formerly persecuted but, in his later years, was loading with gifts . The parents paid See also:

• THIRTY

thirty marks for their son's See also:

• ADMISSION

admission; and he expresses the conviction that they imposed this See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile upon him from an See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest See also:

• DESIRE

desire for his welfare . Odeler's respect for the monastic profession is attested by his own retirement, a few years later, into a religious See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house which Earl Roger had founded at his persuasion . But the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young Orderic See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, as he tells us, like See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph in a See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange See also:

• LAND

land . He did not know a word of French when he reached See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy; his See also:

• BOOK

book, though written many years later, shows that he never lost his English See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast of mind or his See also:

• ATTACHMENT

attachment to the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country of his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth . His superiors rechristened him Vitalis (after a member of the legendary Theban See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

legion) because they found a difficulty in pronouncing his baptismal name . But, in the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of his Ecclesiastical See also:

• HISTORY

History he prefixes the old to the new name and proudly adds the epithet Angligena, His cloistered See also:

• LIFE

life was uneventful . He became a See also:

• DEACON (Gr. S&& ovos, minister, servant)

deacon in 1093, a priest in 1107 . He See also:

• LEFT

left his See also:

• CLOISTER (Lat. claustrum; Fr. cloitre; Ital. chiostro; Span. claustro; Ger. Kloster)

cloister on several occasions, and speaks of having visited Croyland, See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester, See also:

• CAMBRAI

Cambrai (I1o5) and See also:

• CLUNY, or CLUGNY

Cluny (1132) .

But he turned his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early date to literature, and for many years he appears to have spent his summers in the scriptorium . His superiors (at some time between 1099 and 1122) ordered him to write the history of St Evroul . The See also:

• WORK

work See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew under his hands until it became a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general history of his own age . St Evroul was a house of See also:

• WEALTH

wealth and distinction . See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War-worn knights See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose it as a resting-See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of their last years . It was constantly entertaining visitors from See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, where it had planted colonies of monks, and from See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where it had extensive possessions . Thus Orderic, though he witnessed no See also:

• GREAT

great events, was often well informed about them . In spite of a cumbrous and affected See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, he is a vivid narrator; and his See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character sketches are admirable as summaries of current estimates . His narrative is badly arranged and full of unexpected digressions . But he gives us much invaluable See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information for which we should See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search the more methodical chroniclers in vain . He throws a See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

flood of See also:

• LIGHT

light upon the See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners and ideas of his own age; he sometimes comments with surprising shrewdness upon the broader aspects and tendencies of history . His narrative breaks off in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of 1141, though he added some See also:

• FINISHING

finishing touches in 1142 .

He tells us that he was then old and infirm . Probably he did not See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long survive the completion of his great work . The Historia ecclesiaslica falls into three sections . (I) Bks. i., ii., which are historically valueless, give the history of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity from the birth of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ . After 855 this becomes a See also:

• BARE

bare See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue of popes, ending with the name of See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent I . These books were added, as an afterthought, to the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme; they were composed in the years 1136–1141 . (2) Bks. iii.-vi. See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a history of St Evroul, the original See also:

• NUCLEUS (Lat. for the kernal of a nut, nux, the stone of fruit)

nucleus of the work . Planned before 1122, they were mainly composed in the years 1123–1131 . The See also:

• FOURTH

fourth and fifth books contain long digressions on the deeds of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William the Conqueror in Normandy and England . Before Io67 these are of little value, being chiefly derived from two extant See also:

• SOURCES

sources . William of Jumieges' Historia Normannorum and William of See also:

• POITIERS

Poitiers' Gesta Guilelmi . For the years 1067–1071 Orderic follows the last portion of the Gesta Guilelmi, and is therefore of the first importance .

From 1071 he begins to be an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent authority . But his notices of See also:

• POLITICAL

political events in this See also:

• PART

part of his work are far less copious than in (3) Bks. vii.-xiii., where ecclesiastical affairs are relegated to the background . In this See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section, after sketching the history of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France under the See also:

• CAROLINGIANS

Carolingians and early Capets, Orderic takes up the events of his own times, starting from about Io82 . He has much to say concerning the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire, the papacy, the See also:

• NORMANS

Normans in Italy and See also:

• APULIA (sometimes APPULIa in manuscripts but never in inscriptions)

Apulia, the First Crusade (for which he follows See also:

• FULCHER (or FoucriEa) OF CHARTRES (Io58-c. 1130)

Fulcher of See also:

• CHARTRES

Chartres and Baudri of Bourgueil) . But his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• INTEREST

interest is in the histories of See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert of Normandy, William See also:

• RUFUS, GAIUS VALGIUS
• RUFUS, LUCIUS VARIUS (c 74—14 B.c.)

Rufus and See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry I . He continues his work, in the form of See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals, up to the defeat and See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen at See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln in 1141 . The Historia ecclesiastica was edited by See also:

• DUCHESNE, LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER (1843– )

Duchesne in his HistoriaeNormannorum scriptores (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1619) . This, is the edition cited by See also:

• FREEMAN
• FREEMAN, EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1823-1892)

Freeman and in many See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard See also:

• WORKS

works . It is, however, inferior to that of A. le See also:

• PREVOST, ANTOINE FRANCOIS (1697–1763)
• PREVOST, CONSTANT (1787-1856)
• PREVOST, EUGENE MARCEL (1862- )
• PREVOST, PIERRE (1751-1839)

Prevost in five vols . (See also:

• SOC

Soc. de l'histoire de France, Paris, 1838–1855) . The fifth See also:

• VOLUME

volume contains excellent See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical studies by M . See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold See also:

• DELISLE, JOSEPH NICOLAS (1688-1768)
• DELISLE, L OPOLD VICTOR (1826– )

Delisle, and is admirably indexed .

See also:

• MIGNE, JACQUES PAUL (1800-1875)

Migne's edition (Patrologia See also:

• LATINA, VIA

latina, clxxxviii.) is merely a reprint of Duchesne . There is a French See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation (by L . See also:

• DUBOIS
• DUBOIS, FRANCOIS CLEMENT THEODORE (1837– )
• DUBOIS, GUILLAUME (1656–1723)
• DUBOIS, JEAN ANTOINE (1765-1848)
• DUBOIS, PAUL (1829-1905)
• DUBOIS, PIERRE (c. 1250-c. 1312)

Dubois) in See also:

• GUIZOT, FRANCOIS PIERRE GUILLAUME (1787-1874)

Guizot's Collection See also:

• DES

des memoires relatifs a l'histoire de France (Paris, 1825–1827) ; and one in English by T . Forester in See also:

• BOHN, HENRY GEORGE (1796-1884)

Bohn's Antiquarian Library (4 vols., 18J3–1856) . In addition to the Historia there exists, in the library at See also:

• ROUEN

Rouen, a See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript edition of William of Jumieges' Historia Normannorum which Leopold Delisle assigns to Orderic (see this critic's Lettre a M Jules Lair (1873) . (H . W . C .