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See also: row or series, hence grade, class or See also: rank, succession, sequence or orderly arrangement; from these, theoriginal meanings of ordo, have See also: developed the numerous applications attached to the word, many, if not most, of which appear in classical and See also: medieval Latin
.
In the sense of a class or See also: body of persons or things See also: united by some See also: common status, rank or distinguishing characteristics, or as organized and living under some common rules and regulations, we find the See also: term applied, in such expressions as " See also: lower " or " higher orders," to the class divisions of society; to the various grades of persons exercising spiritual functions in the Christian See also: church (see
See also: ORDER, See also: HOLY, below); to the bodies of persons bound by vows to a religious See also: life (see MONASTICISM, and See also: separate articles on the chief religious orders); to the military and monastic See also: fraternities of the See also: middle ages, such as the See also: Templars, Hospitallers, &c., and to those institutions, founded by sovereigns or states, in See also: part imitation of these fraternities, which are conveniently divided into orders of See also: knighthood, or orders of merit (see KNIGHTHOOD)
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The term " order " is thus used, in an easily transferred sense, for the various insignia, badge, See also: star, See also: collar, worn by the members of the institution
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As applied to a See also: group of See also: objects, an " order " in zoological, botanical and See also: mineral See also: classification ranks next below a " class," and above a " See also: family." The use of the word in architecture is treated in a separate article below
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The word has several technical mathematical usages
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In number-theory it denotes a relative rank between the elements of an aggregate so that the collection becomes an ordered aggregate (see NUMBER)
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The order of a See also: plane See also: curve is the number of points (real or imaginary) in which the curve is intersected by a straight See also: line; it is equal to the degree (or coefficient of the highest power) of the Cartesian equation expressing the curve
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The order of a non-plane curve is the number of points (real or imaginary) in which the curve intersects a plane (see CURVE)
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The order of a See also: surface is the number of points in which the surface intersects a straight line
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For the order of a congruence and complex see SURFACE
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The order of a See also: differential equation is the degree of its highest differential coefficient (see DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION)
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Another branch of the sense-development of the word starts from the meaning of orderly, systematic or proper arrangement, which appears in the simplest See also: form in such adverbial expressions as " in order," " out of order " and the like
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More particular instances are the use of the word for the customary procedure observed in the conduct of the business of a public meeting, or ofSee also: parliamentary debates, and for the general maintenance and due observance of See also: law and authority, " public order."
In liturgical use " order " is a See also: special form of divine service prescribed by authority, e.g: the " Order of Confirmation," in the See also: English Prayer See also: Book
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The common use of " order " in the sense of a command, instruction or direction is a transference from that of arrangement in accordance with intention to the means for attaining it
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It is a comparatively See also: late sense-development; it does not appear in Latin, and the earliest quotations in the New English See also: Dictionary are from the 16th century
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Particular applications of the term are, in commercial usage, to a direction in writing to a banker or holder of See also: money or goods, by the See also: person in Whom the legal right to them lies, to pay or See also: hand over the same to a third person named or to his order
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A See also: bill or negotiable instrument made " payable to order " is one which can be negotiated by the payee by endorsement
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At common law a negotiable instrument must contain words expressly authorizing transfer
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By the Bills of See also: Exchange See also: Act 1882, § 8, " a bill is payable to order which is expressed to be so payable, or which is expressed to be payable to a particular person, and does not contain words prohibiting transfer or indicating an intention that it should not be transferable." Other applications are to a direction for the supply of goods and to a pass for See also: free See also: admission to a place of amusement, a See also: building, &c
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In law an " order of the See also: court " is a judicial direction on matters outside the record; as laid down by Esher, M.R., in Onslow v
.
Inland Revenue, 59, L.J.Q.B
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556, a "See also: judgment" is a decision obtained in an See also: action and every other decision is an "order." For " Order in Council" see below
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