ORDUIN  - NASHCHOKIN, ATHANASY LAVRENTEVICH (?-168o), See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian statesman, was the son of a poor See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official at See also:

• PSKOV

Pskov, who saw to it that his son was taught Latin, See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German and See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics . Athanasy began his public career in 1642 as one of the delineators of the new Russo-See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish frontier after the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of Stolbova . Even then he had a See also:

• GREAT

great reputation at See also:

• MOSCOW (Russian Moskva)
• MOSCOW, (Russian Moskva)

Moscow as one who thoroughly understood " German ways and things." He was one of the first Muscovites who diligently collected See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign books, and we hear of as many as sixty-nine Latin See also:

• WORKS

works being sent to him at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time from abroad . He attracted the See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• TSAR, or CZAR

tsar Alexius by his resource-fulness during the Pskov See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion of 165o, which he succeeded in localizing by See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence . At the beginning of the Swedish See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, Orduin was appointed to a high command, in which he displayed striking ability . In 1657 he was appointed See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister-plenipotentiary to treat with the Swedes on the Narova See also:

• RIVER

river . He was the only Russian statesman of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day with sufficient fore-sight to grasp the fact that the Baltic seaboard, or even a See also:

• PART

part of it, was See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth more to Muscovy than ten times the same amount of territory in Lithuania., and, despite ignorant See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of his colleagues, succeeded (Dec . 1658) in concluding a three-years' truce whereby the Muscovites were See also:

• LEFT

left in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of See also:

• ALI

ali their conquests in See also:

• LIVONIA, or LIVLAND (Russian, Liflandia)

Livonia . In 166o he was sent as plenipotentiary to a second See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress, to convert the truce of 1658 into a permanent peace . He advised that the truce with See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden should be prolonged and See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England invited to mediate a See also:

• NORTHERN

northern peace . Finally he laid stress upon the immense importance of Livonia for the development of Russian See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade . On being overruled he retired from the negotiations .

He was the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief plenipotentiary at the abortive congress of Durovicha, which met in 1664, to terminate the Russo-See also:

• POLISH

Polish War; and it was due in no small measure to his See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior ability and great tenacity of purpose that See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia succeeded in concluding with See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland the advantageous truce of Andrussowo (Feb . 1667) . On his return to Russia he was created a See also:

• BOYAR (Russ. boyarin, plur. boyare)

boyar of the first class and entrusted with the direction of the foreign See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, with the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of " See also:

• GUARDIAN

Guardian of the great Tsarish See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

Seal and Director of the great Imperial Offices." He was, in fact, the first Russian See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor . It was Orduin who first abolished the onerous See also:

• SYSTEM

system of tolls on exports and imports, and established a See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of native merchants for promoting See also:

• DIRECT

direct commercial relations between Sweden and Russia . He also set on See also:

• FOOT

foot a postal system between Muscovy, See also:

• COURLAND, or KURLAND

Courland and Poland, and introduced gazettes and bills of See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange into Russia . With his name, too, is associated the See also:

• BUILDING

building of the first Russian See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant-vessels on the See also:

• DVINA

Dvina and See also:

• VOLGA (known to the Tatars as Etil, Jill or Atel; to the Finnish tribes as Rau, and to the ancients as Rha and Oarus)

Volga . But his whole official career was a See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant struggle with narrow routine and personal jealousy on the part of the boyars and clerks of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council . He was last employed in the negotiations for See also:

• CON

con-firming the truce of Andrussowo (See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1669; See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1670) . In See also:

• JANUARY

January 1671 we hear of him as in attendance upon the tsar on the occasion of his second See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage; but in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February the same See also:

• YEAR

year he was dismissed, and withdrew to the Kruipetskymonastery near See also:

• KIEV
• KIEV, KIEFF, or KIYEFF

Kiev, where he took the See also:

• TONSURE (Lat. tonsura, from tondere, to shave)

tonsure under the name of Antony, and occupied himself with See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good works till his See also:

• DEATH

death in 1680 . In many things he anticipated See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter the Great . He was absolutely incorruptible, thus See also:

• STANDING

standing, morally as well as intellectually, far above the level of his See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . See S .

M . Solovev, See also:

• HISTORY

History of Russia (Rus.), vol. xi . (St See also:

• PETERSBURG

Petersburg, 1895, seq.) ; V . Ikonnikov, " See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

Biography of Orduin-Nashchokin " (in Russkaya Starina, Nos . 11-12) (St Petersburg, 1883) ; R . Nisbet See also:

• BAIN, ALEXANDER (1818-1903)
• BAIN, ANDREW GEDDES (1797-1864)

Bain, The First Romanovs (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1905, chaps . 4 and 6) . (R . N .