OREGON

See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

CITY  , a city and the county-seat of Clackamas county, Oregon, U.S.A., on the E. bank of the Willamette river, and S. of the mouth of the Clackamas river, about 15 m.' S. by E. of Portland . Pop . (189o) 3062; (1900) 3494 (535 being foreign-born); (1910) 4287 . It is served by the Southern Pacific railway, by an electric line to Portland, by other electric lines, and by small river steamboats . The principal business streets are Main Street, on level ground along the river, and Seventh Street, on a bluff which rises abruptly loo ft. above the river and is reached by four stairways elevated above the tracks of the Southern Pacific . The residences are for the most part on this bluff, which commands views of the peaks of the Cascade Mountains . The river here makes a picturesque plunge of about 40 ft. over a basalt ridge extending across the valley, and then flows between nearly vertical walls of solid rock 20-50 ft. high; it is spanned by a suspension bridge nearly 'co ft. above the water . A lock canal enables vessels to pass the falls . The water-power works woollen-mills, flour-mills, paper-mills, and an electric power plant (of the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company), which lights the city of Portland and transmits power to that city for street railways and factories . The municipality owns the waterworks . Next to Astoria, Oregon City is the oldest settlement in the state . In 1829 Dr John McLoughlin (1784–1857), chief agent of the Hudson's Bay Company,. established a claim to the water-power at the Falls of the Willamette and to land where Oregon City now stands, and began the erection of a mill and several houses .

After 184o, in which

year McLoughlin laid out a town here and named it Oregon City, a Methodist Mission disputed his claim . He aided many destitute American immigrants, left the service of the company, and removed to Oregon City . In 185o Congress gave a great part of his claim at Oregon City for the endowment of a university, and in 1862 the legislature of Oregon reconveyed the land to McLoughlin's heirs on condition that they should give $I000 to the university fund; but the questionable title between 184o and 1862 hindered the growth of the place, which was chartered as a city in 1850 . O'REILLY, JOHN BOYLE (1844–1890), Irish-American politician and journalist, was born near Drogheda on the 28th of June 1844, the son of a schoolmaster . After some years of newspaper experience, first as compositor, then as reporter, during which he became an ardent revolutionist and joined the Fenian organization known as the Irish Republican Brotherhood, he enlisted in a British cavalry regiment with the purpose of winning over the troops to the revolutionary cause (1863) . At this period wholesale corruption of the army, in which there was a very large percentage of Irishmen, was a strong feature in the Fenian programme, and O'Reilly, who soon became a great favourite, was successful in disseminating disaffection in his regiment . In 1866 the extent of the sedition in the regiments in Ireland was discovered by the authorities . O'Reilly was arrested at Dublin, where his regiment was then quartered, tried by court-martial for concealing his knowledge of an impending mutiny, and sentenced to be shot, but the sentence was subsequently commuted to twenty years' penal servitude . After confinement in various English prisons, he was transported in 1867 to Bunbury, Western Australia . In 1869 he escaped to the United States, and settled in Boston, where he became editor of The Pilot, a Roman Catholic newspaper . He subsequently organized the expedition which rescued all the Irish military political prisoners from the Western Australia convict establishments (1876), and he aided and abetted the American propaganda in favour of Irish nationalism . O'Reilly died in Hull, Mass., on the loth of August 1890 .

His reputation in

America naturally differed very much - from what it was in England, towards whom he was uniformly mischievous . He was the author of several volumes of poetry of considerable merit, and of a novel of convict life, Moondyne, which achieved a great success . He was also selected to write occasional odes in commemoration of many American celebrations . See J . J . Roche, Life of John Boyle O'Reilly, (Boston, 1891) .